Considering the "ABCD" signs of melanoma, which off the following would be most concerning?
A mole that is smaller than 6 mm
A mole that resembles all other moles on the body
A mole with multiple colors
A mole with symmetrical borders
The Correct Answer is C
A. A mole that is smaller than 6 mm is incorrect because while size can be a factor in melanoma, smaller moles are generally less concerning. Melanomas are often larger than 6 mm, but early lesions can be smaller, so size alone is not the most alarming sign.
B. A mole that resembles all other moles on the body is incorrect because this represents the “E” or “evolution” principle in dermatology, meaning moles that are similar to surrounding moles are less likely to be malignant. Melanoma often stands out as different from other moles (the “ugly duckling” sign).
C. A mole with multiple colors is correct because the “C” in the ABCD mnemonic stands for Color. A mole with multiple shades of brown, black, tan, red, white, or blue is concerning for melanoma. Variation in color reflects abnormal melanocyte activity and irregular pigment deposition, which is a hallmark of malignant change.
D. A mole with symmetrical borders is incorrect because symmetrical moles are generally less concerning. The “B” in ABCD stands for Border, and irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined borders are a warning sign of melanoma. Symmetry is more characteristic of benign nevi.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Bradypnea is incorrect because during an acute asthma attack, individuals typically experience tachypnea, or rapid breathing. This occurs as the body attempts to compensate for reduced airflow and decreased oxygen delivery due to narrowed airways. Slow breathing, or bradypnea, is not consistent with the pathophysiology of asthma.
B. Anorexia is incorrect because loss of appetite is not a typical feature of asthma. Asthma primarily affects airway function, leading to respiratory symptoms, rather than directly affecting nutritional intake or appetite.
C. Fever is incorrect because fever is not a hallmark of asthma itself. Although an infection such as a respiratory virus can precipitate an asthma exacerbation, the fever is related to the infection, not to asthma. Asthma attacks are characterized by airway obstruction and inflammation, not systemic infection.
D. Wheezing is correct because wheezing is the hallmark symptom of an acute asthma attack. It results from turbulent airflow through constricted or narrowed bronchi and bronchioles, caused by bronchospasm, airway inflammation, and mucus accumulation. Wheezing is often audible without a stethoscope, particularly in severe attacks, and typically occurs during exhalation, although it can occur during both inhalation and exhalation in more severe cases.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Basal cell carcinoma is incorrect because it is the most common type of skin cancer but is generally slow-growing and rarely metastasizes. It primarily causes local tissue damage if untreated but has a very low risk of spreading to distant sites.
B. Melanoma is correct because melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and is highly aggressive. If not detected and treated early, melanoma can metastasize to lymph nodes and distant organs, including the liver, lungs, and brain. Early detection and surgical excision are critical to prevent spread and improve survival. Risk factors include excessive UV exposure, fair skin, a history of sunburns, and multiple moles.
C. Squamous cell carcinoma is incorrect because although it is malignant and can invade surrounding tissues, squamous cell carcinoma has a lower tendency to metastasize than melanoma. However, untreated lesions can become locally destructive and, in rare cases, metastasize to regional lymph nodes.
D. Actinic keratosis is incorrect because it is a precancerous lesion, not a true cancer. These rough, scaly patches result from chronic sun exposure and have the potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma over time, but they are not inherently malignant or metastatic.
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