Manifestations of active tuberculosis infection may include:
High-grade daytime fever.
Weight gain.
Blood-tinged sputum.
Increased appetite.
The Correct Answer is C
A. High-grade daytime fever is incorrect because TB typically presents with a low-grade fever that is more pronounced in the late afternoon or evening. Night sweats are a classic symptom of TB and reflect the body’s immune response to the persistent infection, rather than a high fever during the day. High daytime fevers are more characteristic of acute bacterial infections, not the chronic course seen in TB.
B. Weight gain is incorrect because individuals with active TB often experience weight loss. Chronic infection increases metabolic demands, and the infection itself can suppress appetite, leading to progressive wasting and muscle loss. Weight gain would be unusual in the context of active TB.
C. Blood-tinged sputum is correct because active pulmonary TB can cause cavitation of lung tissue, where necrotic lesions erode into pulmonary blood vessels. This results in hemoptysis, which may range from small streaks of blood in sputum to more significant bleeding. Hemoptysis is a hallmark of active TB and often signals advanced disease or tissue destruction. Other accompanying respiratory symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath, reflecting inflammation and airway involvement.
D. Increased appetite is incorrect because TB typically causes anorexia, a loss of appetite, as part of the systemic effects of chronic infection. Reduced food intake, combined with increased metabolic demands and catabolism due to the infection, contributes to weight loss and fatigue.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Alpha hemolysis is characterized by partial lysis of red blood cells on blood agar, leading to a greenish or brownish discoloration around bacterial colonies rather than a clear zone. This occurs because the bacteria produce hemolysins that oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin, causing the greenish hue, but do not completely lyse the red blood cells. In contrast, beta hemolysis results in complete destruction of red blood cells and a clear zone surrounding the colonies. Therefore, alpha hemolysis produces incomplete hemolysis with color change rather than full destruction and clearing of the agar.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Air trapping in the lungs is correct because emphysema, a form of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), involves destruction of alveolar walls, loss of alveolar elasticity, and collapse of small airways during expiration. This prevents full expulsion of air, leading to hyperinflation of the lungs and air trapping, which reduces effective ventilation and contributes to dyspnea and decreased exercise tolerance.
B. Increased gas exchange in the alveoli is incorrect because emphysema reduces the surface area available for gas exchange due to alveolar destruction. This leads to hypoxemia and impaired oxygenation, rather than increased gas exchange.
C. Increased pulmonary ventilation is incorrect because although patients may increase respiratory rate to compensate for impaired gas exchange, overall ventilation efficiency is decreased due to air trapping, airflow limitation, and reduced elastic recoil.
D. Under-inflation of the lungs is incorrect because emphysematous lungs are often overinflated (hyperinflated) rather than under-inflated. Air trapping causes a barrel-shaped chest and increased residual lung volume, which is a classic physical sign of emphysema.
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