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Choice A rationale

Drug tolerance refers to a phenomenon where a patient's response to a specific drug decreases over time, requiring larger doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect. This often occurs due to physiological adaptations, such as altered receptor sensitivity or increased drug metabolism, and is distinct from simply taking multiple medications.

Choice B rationale

A pharmacogenetic reaction involves an individual's unique genetic makeup influencing their response to a drug, leading to altered drug metabolism, efficacy, or adverse effects. This is a specific type of drug response based on genetic variations and is not synonymous with the practice of taking numerous medications.

Choice C rationale

Drug toxicity refers to adverse effects that occur when the concentration of a drug in the body exceeds the therapeutic range, leading to harmful or undesirable physiological effects. While taking multiple drugs can increase the risk of toxicity, toxicity itself is a consequence, not the term for taking numerous drugs.

Choice D rationale

Polypharmacy is the medical term used to describe the practice of taking multiple medications concurrently, often more than is medically necessary or when the potential for adverse drug interactions and side effects outweighs the benefits. This is a common issue in older adults due to the presence of multiple chronic conditions requiring different pharmacological interventions.

Step 1 is: 4500 units ÷ (4000 units/mL) = 1.125 mL.

Step 2 is: Rounding to the tenths place, the final calculated answer is 1.1 mL.