Cytopathic effects are cellular changes that are caused by
viral infections
protozoal infections
fungal infections
bacterial infections
The Correct Answer is A
A. viral infections: Cytopathic effects (CPEs) are structural and functional changes in host cells resulting from viral infections. Examples include cell rounding, syncytia formation, inclusion bodies, and cell lysis, all due to viral replication and interference with normal cellular processes.
B. protozoal infections: Protozoa can damage host tissues through invasion and toxin production, but they do not typically cause cytopathic effects as defined in virology.
C. fungal infections: Fungi may cause tissue destruction through enzymes and inflammation, yet they do not lead to the characteristic cytopathic effects seen with viral infections.
D. bacterial infections: Bacteria can produce toxins and cause tissue damage, but cytopathic effects specifically refer to viral-induced cellular alterations, not bacterial activity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Aquatic: Aquatic refers to environments or organisms related to water, but it does not describe a chemical process in which bonds are broken.
B. Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis is the reaction where water is used to split covalent bonds, breaking larger molecules into smaller subunits. This process is common in digestion and cellular metabolism.
C. Dehydration (or condensation): Dehydration involves removing water to form covalent bonds between molecules, which is the opposite of hydrolysis and results in larger compounds.
D. Hydratic: Hydratic is not a recognized term in chemistry for describing bond-breaking reactions, and it does not apply to hydrolytic processes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Escherichia: This bacterial genus includes Escherichia coli, a common cause of urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal illness, but it does not cause pinworm disease.
B. Enterococcus: These bacteria are part of the normal gut flora and may cause opportunistic infections, but they are not responsible for pinworm infestation.
C. Enterobius: Enterobius vermicularis is the causative agent of pinworm infection, a helminthic disease spread via the fecal–oral route and characterized by perianal itching, especially at night.
D. Entamoeba: Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis and dysentery, but it is unrelated to pinworm disease.
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