Dementia related disorders characterized as disabling disease of the brain and the spinal cord (central nervous system)
Multiple sclerosis
Huntington chorea
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Alzheimer's disease
The Correct Answer is A
A. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It involves the immune system attacking the protective myelin sheath covering nerve fibers, causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body. This progressive damage can lead to both physical and cognitive disabilities, making it a dementia-related disorder in some advanced cases.
B. Huntington chorea (Huntington’s disease) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement and cognitive function, but it is not primarily defined as a disorder of both the brain and spinal cord.
C. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a brain disorder linked to chronic alcohol use and thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. It affects memory and coordination but is not a disease of the spinal cord.
D. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and is strictly a brain disorder, not one that affects the spinal cord.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Visual hallucinations can occur during alcohol withdrawal, especially in more severe cases such as delirium tremens (DTs). Hallucinations are part of the neuropsychiatric symptoms seen in alcohol withdrawal.
B. Tremors are one of the most common symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Hand tremors are typically observed and can range from mild to severe.
C. Paroxysmal sweating (or excessive sweating) is also a common symptom of alcohol withdrawal. It occurs due to autonomic instability in the body during withdrawal, and can be quite pronounced.
D. Pupil dilation is not typically a symptom of alcohol withdrawal. In fact, alcohol withdrawal more commonly causes pupil constriction in mild to moderate withdrawal, and pupillary changes are generally less pronounced than other symptoms like tremors, sweating, or anxiety.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Avoidance of physical contact is not the priority intervention for a patient with delirium. While you may want to be gentle and avoid unnecessary contact, the priority is to ensure the patient's safety and provide support in a way that helps prevent injury, confusion, or further agitation.
B. Application of wrist and ankle restraints is not recommended unless absolutely necessary for patient safety (such as if the patient is at risk of harming themselves or others). Restraints should be a last resort and only used when all other interventions have failed.
C. Careful observation and supervision is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with delirium. Due to fluctuating levels of consciousness and altered perception, the patient is at risk for injury (e.g., falling, wandering). Close observation helps ensure the patient's safety and provides an opportunity to intervene if the condition worsens.
D. High level of sensory input is generally not recommended for patients with delirium, as it may increase confusion and agitation. Instead, providing a calm, quiet environment with minimal distractions is typically preferred.
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