Progressive brain disorder that causes uncontrolled movements, emotional problems, and cognitive dysfunction.

A. Gradual progressive onset. Dementia typically has a gradual onset and progresses over time. This is true for most types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, where symptoms slowly worsen over months and years.
B. Can be classified as either primary or secondary. Dementia can be classified as primary (such as Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia, where the brain itself is primarily affected) or secondary (where dementia is caused by another condition, such as a stroke or a brain injury).
C. It does not interfere with navigation of daily life. This statement is incorrect. One of the defining features of dementia is that it does interfere with daily life. As cognitive functions decline, individuals often have difficulty with tasks such as managing finances, cooking, driving, and maintaining personal hygiene.
D. It is irreversible. While some types of dementia (like Alzheimer's disease) are irreversible and progressive, there are certain conditions, like some forms of vascular dementia, where the progression can be slowed or stabilized if the underlying cause is addressed. However, many forms of dementia are indeed irreversible.

A. Obtain information as covertly as possible is not recommended. While it's important to handle the situation with sensitivity, the nurse should maintain transparency and create an environment where the family feels safe to share information. Covert questioning can raise suspicion and might not facilitate open communication.
B. Avoid responding to hints that abuse has occurred is not appropriate. If there are hints of abuse, it’s crucial for the nurse to respond with empathy, concern, and to acknowledge those hints, as this can help the child and family feel supported. Ignoring signs of potential abuse could lead to further harm.
C. Be open, concerned, and honest is the best approach. The nurse should express concern in a non-judgmental, empathetic manner. This builds trust and encourages the family to provide accurate information, which is crucial for the child’s safety and well-being. It also ensures the nurse can assess the situation appropriately.
D. Separate the family from the child during the interview may be necessary in some cases if the nurse suspects abuse and needs to speak with the child alone to avoid further pressure or influence from family members. However, this is not a first-step intervention; it should only be done if the nurse has reason to believe that the family’s presence may hinder the interview or prevent the child from being honest.