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Dopamine agonists can be used as a first-line treatment for Parkinson's disease.

A.

True

B.

False

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Dopamine agonists, such as pramipexole and ropinirole, directly stimulate dopamine receptors in the brain to help manage Parkinson’s symptoms. They can be used as first-line therapy, especially in younger patients, to delay the need for levodopa and reduce the risk of long-term motor complications. Their use helps maintain motor function while minimizing early dyskinesias associated with levodopa therapy.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Decreased swelling in the ankles and feet: While some calcium channel blockers may cause peripheral edema, reduction in swelling is not a primary indicator of therapeutic effect for angina. Edema changes are more related to adverse effects than efficacy.

B. Patient denies dizziness.: Avoiding dizziness may indicate tolerability of the medication but does not reflect improvement in angina symptoms or cardiac oxygen supply.

C. Absence of chest pain: Relief or prevention of angina attacks is the main therapeutic goal of calcium channel blockers in patients with angina. Reduction in chest pain indicates effective myocardial oxygen delivery and successful management of ischemic episodes.

D. Patient states that she feels stronger: Feeling stronger may reflect general well-being but is not a specific measure of angina control. The absence of chest pain is a more direct and clinically relevant indicator of therapeutic response.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Gout: Diltiazem does not affect uric acid metabolism, so it is not associated with gout. Monitoring for gout is unnecessary in patients taking this medication.

B. Chronic kidney disease: Diltiazem does not directly cause kidney damage, and routine monitoring for CKD is not a primary concern. Kidney function may be checked as part of general hypertension management but is not a specific adverse effect.

C. Heart failure: Diltiazem is a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that has negative inotropic effects, which can worsen pre-existing heart failure. Monitoring for signs of fluid retention, dyspnea, and decreased cardiac output is essential.

D. Hyperthyroidism: Diltiazem does not influence thyroid hormone levels, and hyperthyroidism is unrelated to its use. Monitoring for thyroid disease is not indicated solely due to diltiazem therapy.

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