What is the primary purpose of levodopa in Parkinson's disease
To decrease acetylcholine levels
To cure Parkinson's disease
To reduce symptoms of anxiety
To increase dopamine levels in the brain
The Correct Answer is D
A. To decrease acetylcholine levels: Levodopa does not directly affect acetylcholine. Parkinson’s disease involves dopamine deficiency, and acetylcholine modulation is a separate therapeutic target addressed by anticholinergic medications.
B. To cure Parkinson's disease: Levodopa does not cure the disease or halt its progression. It temporarily restores dopamine activity to improve motor symptoms, but the underlying neurodegeneration continues.
C. To reduce symptoms of anxiety: Anxiety may occur in Parkinson’s disease but is not directly treated by levodopa. Its main effect is on motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors, not psychological symptoms. Other medications or interventions are used to manage anxiety.
D. To increase dopamine levels in the brain: Levodopa is a dopamine precursor that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted to dopamine, replenishing the deficit caused by neuronal degeneration. Increasing central dopamine improves motor function and reduces Parkinsonian symptoms effectively.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Continue with the current dose: An INR of 5.3 is above the therapeutic range, indicating a high risk of bleeding. Continuing the current dose without intervention could lead to serious hemorrhagic complications. Dose adjustment or reversal is necessary to ensure patient safety.
B. Administer additional warfarin: Giving more warfarin would further increase anticoagulation, greatly elevating the risk of spontaneous bleeding. This action is dangerous and contraindicated when the INR is already supratherapeutic.
C. Increase the dose of warfarin: Increasing the dose would exacerbate over-anticoagulation and heighten the risk of severe bleeding. The priority is to reduce the anticoagulant effect, not intensify it.
D. Administer vitamin K as ordered: Vitamin K acts as an antidote to warfarin by promoting clotting factor synthesis, which lowers INR and reduces bleeding risk. Administering it under provider guidance corrects over-anticoagulation safely and prevents hemorrhagic complications.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
A. "Report any unexpected bleeding to your primary health care provider.": Aspirin and clopidogrel inhibit platelet function, increasing the risk of bleeding. Promptly reporting unusual bruising, nosebleeds, or gastrointestinal bleeding is crucial for patient safety.
B. "Continue taking your newly prescribed medications until your prescriber tells you not to do so.": Consistent use of antiplatelet therapy is essential to prevent stent thrombosis and recurrent ACS. Abrupt discontinuation could result in life-threatening clot formation.
C. "Drink a full glass of water with each dose of your new medications.": While generally good advice for some medications, it is not specifically required for aspirin or clopidogrel and does not impact their effectiveness or safety.
D. "Eat foods high in vitamin K and calcium to help prevent clotting.": Vitamin K promotes clotting, which could counteract the antiplatelet effects of aspirin and clopidogrel. This advice is not appropriate or beneficial for the patient.
E. "Avoid taking other medications that can cause bleeding, such as NSAIDs like ibuprofen.": NSAIDs increase bleeding risk when combined with antiplatelet therapy. Avoiding these medications is essential to reduce the likelihood of serious hemorrhagic complications.
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