During a physical exam, a practitioner notices an abnormal curvature of the spine. This condition is likely classified under which type of bone abnormality?
Kyphosis; excessive outward curvature
Scoliosis; lateral curvature
Lordosis; inward curvature
Osteopenia; reduced bone mass
The Correct Answer is B
A. Kyphosis; excessive outward curvature: Kyphosis describes an excessive outward curvature (increased thoracic convexity, producing a “hunchback” appearance). This is a curvature abnormality, but it refers specifically to exaggerated thoracic outward curvature. (True statement, but the option names a specific type - see B for lateral curvature.)
B. Scoliosis; lateral curvature: Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral (side-to-side) curvature of the spine and is the correct classification when a practitioner notes a lateral curvature.
C. Lordosis; inward curvature: Lordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback). It is a curvature abnormality but indicates inward (anterior) curve, not lateral.
D. Osteopenia; reduced bone mass: Osteopenia describes reduced bone mineral density (less severe than osteoporosis) and affects bone strength, not the curvature shape of the spine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Rheumatoid arthritis:This is an autoimmune disorder primarily causing joint inflammation (synovitis), pain, and stiffness. While it affects the skeletal system, it does not typically present with the specific metabolic profile of low calcium and phosphate levels.
B. Paget's disease:This condition involves excessive and disorganized bone remodeling. Lab results for Paget's disease typically show very high levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but calcium and phosphate levels usually remain normal.
C. Osteomalacia:Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization, often due to Vitamin D deficiency. Without Vitamin D, the body cannot absorb calcium and phosphate effectively, leading to low serum levels of both. This results in the classic symptoms of deep bone pain and proximal muscle weakness.
D. Osteoporosis:Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone mass (density) that increases fracture risk. Crucially, in uncomplicated osteoporosis, blood calcium and phosphate levels are typically normal. It is a "silent" disease often without pain until a fracture occurs.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Ribosomes:Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. They read RNA sequences to assemble amino acids into proteins, but they do not produce energy.
B. Golgi apparatus:The Golgi apparatus functions as the cell's "post office." It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
C. Nucleus:The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing the genetic material (DNA). While it directs cellular activities, it does not directly generate ATP.
D. Mitochondria:Often called the "powerhouse" of the cell, mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration. They break down nutrients (glucose and fatty acids) in the presence of oxygen to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the cell.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today