Early intervention programs for first-episode psychosis are based on the theory that:
hearing voices or experiencing tactile sensations is culturally viewed as a pathological condition to be treated by mental health professionals.
early intervention can replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts decreasing the disease progression.
early intervention will help decrease the risk for nonadherence and other factors associated with relapse and recurrence.
repeated episodes of psychosis are toxic to the brain, producing debilitating cognitive effects that can be minimized with early treatment.
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Hearing voices or experiencing tactile sensations is culturally viewed as a pathological condition to be treated by mental health professionals is incorrect because early intervention programs are not based on cultural perceptions of psychosis. Cultural interpretations may influence care, but they are not the theoretical foundation of these programs.
B. Early intervention can replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts decreasing the disease progression is incorrect because while cognitive-behavioral strategies can be helpful, early intervention programs for first-episode psychosis focus on more than just thought modification. Disease progression involves neurobiological factors, not solely negative thinking.
C. Early intervention will help decrease the risk for nonadherence and other factors associated with relapse and recurrence is partially correct but incomplete. Adherence support is part of early intervention, but it does not capture the primary theoretical basis.
D. Repeated episodes of psychosis are toxic to the brain, producing debilitating cognitive effects that can be minimized with early treatment is correct because early intervention programs are grounded in the neurotoxicity hypothesis. Prompt treatment of first-episode psychosis can reduce neuronal damage, preserve cognitive function, and improve long-term outcomes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Tremors are one of the most common early signs of alcohol withdrawal, typically appearing 6–12 hours after the last alcohol intake. They often start as mild, fine hand shakes but can progress to severe, generalized tremors. Tremors result from hyperactivity of the central nervous system after the depressant effects of alcohol wear off, reflecting neuronal excitability.
B. Pinpoint pupils are not a symptom of alcohol withdrawal. They are usually associated with opioid intoxication or overdose. In alcohol withdrawal, pupil changes tend to reflect autonomic hyperactivity, not constriction.
C. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) occurs due to sympathetic nervous system overactivation during alcohol withdrawal. It may be accompanied by tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, and hyperthermia, and is an important indicator of autonomic instability, which can progress to delirium tremens if untreated.
D. Dilated pupils can also be present due to sympathetic overdrive. While not as specific as tremors or diaphoresis, they reflect increased adrenergic activity associated with withdrawal. Other signs of autonomic hyperactivity may include increased heart rate, hypertension, and restlessness.
E. Warm, dry skin is not characteristic of alcohol withdrawal. Instead, patients usually exhibit cool, clammy, or moist skin due to sweating and fluid loss, reflecting heightened sympathetic tone.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Epidemic refers to a situation where there is a sudden increase in the number of disease cases above what is normally expected in a specific population or region over a short period of time. Epidemics are time-limited and often localized, such as an outbreak of influenza in a city during the winter season.
B. Pandemic describes an epidemic that has spread across multiple countries or continents, affecting a large number of people worldwide. Pandemics involve widespread geographic distribution and sustained transmission, such as COVID-19 or the 1918 influenza pandemic. The emphasis is on global reach, rather than constant presence in one location.
C. Endemic is correct. An endemic disease is one that is constantly present in a specific geographic area or population, maintaining a baseline level of occurrence without external inputs. The disease is habitually found in the population, such as malaria in certain tropical regions or chickenpox in some communities before vaccination programs. Endemicity reflects a stable equilibrium between the pathogen, population susceptibility, and environmental factors.
D. Contagion refers to the capability of a disease to spread from person to person. It focuses on infectivity or transmissibility, not on how frequently the disease occurs within a population or geographic area.
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