Endospores can be inactivated by
dry heat at 170 °C for 2 hours.
incineration.
glutaraldehyde for 3 or more hours.
ethylene oxide for 3 or more hours.
All of the choices are correct.
The Correct Answer is E
A. Dry heat at 170 °C for 2 hours: Extended dry heat at this temperature effectively destroys endospores by oxidizing cellular components.
B. Incineration: Complete burning destroys all microbial life, including endospores, making it a reliable sterilization method.
C. Glutaraldehyde for 3 or more hours: Prolonged exposure to glutaraldehyde, a high-level disinfectant, can inactivate endospores.
D. Ethylene oxide for 3 or more hours: Ethylene oxide gas sterilization penetrates materials and effectively kills endospores.
E. All of the choices are correct: Each of these methods can destroy endospores under proper conditions, so this option accurately includes all effective methods.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Antiseptic: Antiseptics are chemical agents suitable for application to living tissue to reduce microbial load on skin and mucous membranes before invasive procedures.
B. Disinfectant: Disinfectants are intended for inanimate surfaces and are often too harsh or toxic for direct use on patient skin.
C. Surfactant: Surfactants (detergents) help remove soils and some microbes but are not the primary agents used to achieve surgical skin antisepsis.
D. Antibiotic: Systemic or topical antibiotics treat or prevent infection but are not the standard topical agent used to prepare skin immediately before surgery.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Horizontal: Horizontal gene transfer refers to the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by descent; the toxin genes were transferred between different bacterial species, fitting this process.
B. Vertical: Vertical gene transfer occurs from parent to offspring during reproduction, not between unrelated bacteria.
C. Diagonal: Diagonal gene transfer is not a recognized biological process.
D. Jumping: “Jumping” may refer to transposons within a genome, but not to gene exchange between distinct organisms as described in this case.
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