Exhibits

Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statement by selecting from the lists of options provided. When the laboratory results are available, the practical nurse (PN) would expect the child to have

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related to

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during the submersion.

A. 50% dextrose
50% dextrose is not isotonic; it is a hypertonic solution. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cells, causing water to move out of the cells and into the extracellular space, which does not treat fluid volume deficit effectively.
B. 0.45% sodium chloride
0.45% sodium chloride, also known as half-normal saline, is a hypotonic solution. Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cells, which would cause water to move into the cells rather than stay in the extracellular space to address fluid volume deficit.
C. 20% dextrose
20% dextrose is a hypertonic solution. It contains a higher concentration of dextrose compared to the extracellular fluid, which draws water into the extracellular space but is not used for treating fluid volume deficits.
D. 5% dextrose
5% dextrose (D5W) is initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic once metabolized, as the dextrose is used up and only water remains. It is not suitable for continuous isotonic fluid therapy for fluid volume deficit.
E. 5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride
5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution. While it starts isotonic, it becomes hypotonic once the dextrose is metabolized, making it unsuitable for long-term isotonic fluid replacement.
F. 5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's
5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's is a hypertonic solution. It contains both dextrose and electrolytes, which are not purely isotonic and may not be ideal for addressing fluid volume deficits on their own.
G. Lactated Ringer's
Lactated Ringer's is an isotonic solution. It has a similar osmolarity to plasma and is used for fluid volume replacement, helping to restore blood volume and maintain electrolyte balance.
H. 0.9% sodium chloride
0.9% sodium chloride, or normal saline, is an isotonic solution. It has the same osmolarity as plasma and is commonly used for fluid volume replacement and maintaining hydration

A. Move away from the overbed table: This action can be done after the gloves are completely removed and disposed of. Moving away too early increases the risk of bumping into something and contaminating the gloves.
B. Sterile gloves are contaminated on the outside after performing a procedure like a dressing change. Pulling the glove down and everting it (turning it inside out) confines the contamination to the inside of the glove, reducing the risk of transferring germs to the hands or surrounding surfaces. This maintains a sterile field and minimizes the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
C. Loosen the glove from the fingers: This might be the initial step while grasping the glove for removal, but the key is to maintain aseptic technique by keeping the outside of the glove contained throughout removal.
D. Raise the hands above waist level: Raising hands above the waist level increases the risk of contaminating the sterile field or nearby surfaces if the glove integrity is compromised.