Exhibits

The nurse is discussing the client's pain management with a student nurse.

Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statement(s) by selecting from the lists of options provided.

Morphine is a(n)
dropdown
and it activates
dropdown
receptors and is used to relieve
dropdown
.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"A","dropdown-group-3":"C"}

Non opioid analgesic: Morphine is not a non-opioid analgesic; drugs in this category, like acetaminophen or NSAIDs, work through different pathways and do not bind opioid receptors.

Partial opioid agonist: Partial opioid agonists activate opioid receptors but with limited effect, often producing less analgesia and sometimes antagonistic effects. Morphine fully activates opioid receptors, producing stronger effects.

Pure opioid agonist: Morphine is a pure opioid agonist, meaning it fully stimulates opioid receptors, especially mu receptors, resulting in potent analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression.

Mu: Morphine primarily activates mu opioid receptors, which are responsible for pain relief, sedation, euphoria, and respiratory depression. These receptors are the main targets for opioid analgesia.

Dopamine: Dopamine receptors regulate reward, motivation, and motor function. Morphine does not directly activate dopamine receptors as part of its mechanism for pain relief.

Muscarinic: Muscarinic receptors are involved in parasympathetic nervous system functions. Morphine does not act directly on these receptors for analgesic effects.

Chronic neuropathic pain: While morphine may be used in some chronic pain situations, neuropathic pain often responds better to other medications such as anticonvulsants or antidepressants due to differing pain mechanisms.

Mild inflammatory pain: Mild inflammatory pain is usually treated with non-opioid analgesics like NSAIDs. Morphine is generally reserved for moderate to severe pain levels.

Acute postoperative pain: Morphine is commonly used to manage acute postoperative pain because of its strong analgesic properties effective against nociceptive pain caused by surgery or injury.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Drink a liter of water daily: While maintaining hydration is generally important, there is no specific requirement to drink exactly one liter of water daily related to metronidazole therapy. Encouraging adequate fluid intake is good, but it is not unique to this medication.

B. Keep medication refrigerated: Metronidazole tablets do not require refrigeration and should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Advising refrigeration could lead to improper storage and potential medication degradation.

C. Avoid the use of alcohol: Metronidazole can cause a severe disulfiram-like reaction when combined with alcohol, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, flushing, and headache. Clients must avoid alcohol during treatment and for at least 48 hours afterward.

D. Take one hour after eating: Metronidazole absorption is not significantly affected by food, and it can be taken with or without meals. This instruction is unnecessary and could complicate adherence.

A. Begin the infusion and submit a drug reaction report to the nursing supervisor. B. Hold the dose and notify the healthcare provider (HCP) of the changes in the laboratory studies. C. Hold the dose and notify the pharmacy to stop dispensing the next premixed doses. D. Begin the infusion and monitor the client's blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and liver function tests.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Begin the infusion and submit a drug reaction report to the nursing supervisor: Starting the infusion despite evidence of rising AST could worsen hepatic injury, as fluconazole is metabolized in the liver and may cause hepatotoxicity.

B. Hold the dose and notify the healthcare provider (HCP) of the changes in the laboratory studies: Rising AST indicates possible liver damage, and administering more fluconazole could exacerbate the injury. This action allows for further evaluation, potential discontinuation, or dosage adjustment to prevent progression of hepatic toxicity.

C. Hold the dose and notify the pharmacy to stop dispensing the next premixed doses: While preventing further dispensing can help avoid repeated administration, it is not the nurse’s primary responsibility in urgent patient care. The priority is to alert the HCP immediately.

D. Begin the infusion and monitor the client's blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and liver function tests: Continuing the infusion despite worsening liver enzymes puts the client at risk for serious hepatic injury.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is receiving metronidazole for Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. Which information should the nurse include in this client's medication teaching plan?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is administering IV fluconazole to a client who has systemic candidiasis. After reviewing the client's diagnostic studies, the nurse identifies a rising trend in the liver enzyme levels for aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Which action should the nurse implement?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client receives a prescription for methotrexate. Which information provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?

A client receives a prescription for IV famotidine. Which finding indicates to the nurse the medication is effective?

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking diclofenac for rheumatoid arthritis. During a clinic visit, the client appears pale and reports increasing fatigue. Which of the client's serum laboratory values is most important for the nurse to review?

Exhibits Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices area to specify which condition the client is most likely experiencing, two actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and two parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.

A client with myasthenia gravis receives a new prescription for pyridostigmine. Which information should the nurse to administering the medication?

Exhibits Which other medications would the nurse expect the surgeon to prescribe along with morphine? Select all that apply.

A female client with mild depression reports to the nurse about recently starting St. John's wort. Which information provided by the client requires further instruction?