Facilitated diffusion and active transport require a carrier protein to mediate the movement across the plasma membrane
False
True
The Correct Answer is B
Both facilitated diffusion and active transport require carrier proteins to move substances across the plasma membrane, but the mechanisms differ. Facilitated diffusion uses carrier or channel proteins to transport molecules down their concentration gradient without energy expenditure. In contrast, active transport also uses carrier proteins but moves substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input, usually from ATP hydrolysis. These proteins provide specificity for particular molecules and enable transport that cannot occur through simple diffusion, ensuring that cells can regulate nutrient uptake, ion balance, and waste removal efficiently.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Membrane-bound nucleus: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus. Their genetic material exists in a nucleoid, an irregularly shaped region within the cytoplasm that is not enclosed by a membrane. This structural simplicity means that processes like transcription and translation can occur almost simultaneously, unlike in eukaryotic cells.
B. 80S ribosomes: Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, composed of 50S and 30S subunits, which are smaller than the 80S ribosomes (60S + 40S) found in eukaryotic cells. This distinction is medically important because many antibiotics, such as tetracyclines and aminoglycosides, target 70S ribosomes, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis without affecting eukaryotic ribosomes.
C. Lack of membrane-bound organelles: A defining feature of prokaryotes is the absence of membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, or lysosomes. Cellular processes such as energy production, protein synthesis, and metabolic reactions occur in the cytoplasm or at the plasma membrane. This simplicity allows rapid growth and replication but limits compartmentalization and regulation compared to eukaryotic cells.
D. Multiple chromosomes: Most prokaryotic cells contain a single circular chromosome, which carries essential genetic information. Some may have plasmids, but these are not considered true chromosomes. The presence of multiple linear chromosomes is characteristic of eukaryotes and allows complex regulation and redundancy in genetic material, which prokaryotes lack.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct hierarchical order of biological classification from most specific to most general is: species → genus → family → order → class → phylum → kingdom → domain. Species represents the most specific level, identifying organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Each successive level groups organisms into broader categories based on shared characteristics, evolutionary relationships, and genetic similarity. Domain is the most general category, encompassing the largest diversity of organisms, such as Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. This hierarchical system, developed by Carl Linnaeus and expanded with modern phylogenetics, provides a standardized framework for organizing and studying biodiversity.
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