For each clinical finding, click to specify whether the finding indicates or does not indicate a therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine

A. Improved mood: Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis. While mood changes have been reported as rare adverse effects, improvement in mood is not an indicator of therapeutic effectiveness.

B. Increased bronchodilation: Montelukast does not act as a direct bronchodilator. Its mechanism involves blocking leukotrienes to reduce inflammation and prevent bronchoconstriction, so immediate bronchodilation is not expected.

C. Reduced airflow: Reduced airflow indicates worsening airway obstruction, which suggests the drug is not achieving its intended therapeutic effect and may signal uncontrolled asthma.

D. Decreased wheezing: A decrease in wheezing reflects reduced airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, indicating that montelukast is effectively managing the client’s asthma symptoms and improving respiratory function.

A. A client with an emphysema exacerbation: Clients experiencing an acute exacerbation of emphysema often have increased airway obstruction and difficulty breathing. A small volume nebulizer delivers bronchodilators directly to the lungs, providing rapid relief of bronchospasm and improving oxygenation.

B. A client experiencing an asthma attack: During an asthma attack, airway constriction can be severe. An SVN allows precise delivery of inhaled medications like albuterol, which rapidly dilate the airways and reduce respiratory distress, making it essential for urgent intervention.

C. A client with a common cold and fever: A common cold typically causes mild upper respiratory symptoms such as congestion and runny nose. SVNs are not indicated for routine cold management, as bronchodilator therapy is not necessary in uncomplicated viral infections.

D. A client with significant respiratory symptoms: Clients showing significant respiratory distress, regardless of underlying cause, may benefit from an SVN to administer medications that relieve bronchospasm, decrease airway inflammation, and improve ventilation rapidly.

E. A client with mild seasonal allergies: Mild seasonal allergies usually present with sneezing, watery eyes, and nasal congestion without significant airway obstruction. SVNs are not indicated for mild allergic symptoms, as oral or intranasal antihistamines are sufficient.