Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to produce
2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
32: none
32:2
32:36
36; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
The Correct Answer is E
A. 2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another: This choice incorrectly identifies the ATP yield of aerobic respiration as being equal to anaerobic processes. Aerobic pathways are significantly more efficient than fermentation. Net energy gain from glucose oxidation far exceeds the 2 ATP molecules generated via substrate-level phosphorylation.
B. 32: none: While 32 ATP is a calculated estimate for aerobic yield, the second value is inaccurate. Anaerobic fermentation consistently produces a net gain of 2 ATP per glucose molecule. Total metabolic arrest does not occur, as glycolytic flux remains active to sustain cellular viability.
C. 32:2: This selection suggests a static ratio that ignores the physiological variability of the malate-aspartate and glycerol-3-phosphate shuttles. While 32 represents a common theoretical yield, it does not account for tissue-specific energetic differences. The total count often reaches higher values in oxidative fibers.
D. 32:36: These numbers invert the relationship between aerobic and anaerobic efficiency. 36 ATP represents a common total for complete oxidation in specific tissues like cardiac muscle. Anaerobic fermentation never yields 36 ATP, as it lacks the oxidative phosphorylation required for such high energy output.
E. 36; about the same, varying from one tissue to another: Aerobic respiration typically yields 36 to 38 ATP depending on the NADH shuttle system utilized. Conversely, anaerobic fermentation consistently yields 2 ATP across various cell types. The energy extracted during anaerobic pathways remains stable regardless of the specific tissue environment.
F. ATP per glucose, while glycolysis and anaerobic fermentation collectively: This phrase serves as a fragment of the question stem rather than a valid answer choice. It describes the comparison between the two metabolic states of glucose degradation. It provides no numerical data to satisfy the quantitative requirements of the prompt.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. C6H12O6 + 6 H2O -> 6 CO2 + 6 O2: This equation incorrectly lists water as a reactant instead of oxygen. Aerobic catabolism requires molecular oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Metabolism of glucose without oxygen input prevents oxidative phosphorylation.
B. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O: Hexose oxidation involves the complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen. This metabolic pathway yields carbon dioxide and water as primary byproducts while capturing chemical energy. It accurately reflects the stoichiometric balance of aerobic cellular respiration.
C. C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 -> 6 O2 + 6 H2O: Carbon dioxide functions as a metabolic waste product rather than a reactant in human cellular respiration. Glucose does not react with carbon dioxide to produce oxygen during heterotrophic metabolism. This chemical arrangement reverses the standard physiological gas exchange.
D. CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2: This formula represents the endergonic process of photosynthesis occurring in photoautotrophic organisms. It describes the fixation of inorganic carbon into organic compounds using light energy. Eukaryotic animal cells lack the chloroplasts necessary to drive this specific anabolic reaction.
E. 6 O2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 CO2: The combination of oxygen and water does not spontaneously synthesize glucose molecules in biological systems. This equation fails to account for the carbon source required for carbohydrate formation. It violates the fundamental thermodynamic principles governing respiratory substrate breakdown and energy release.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. 6.95-7.05: This range represents a state of severe, life-threatening acidosis that would cause significant cellular dysfunction. At such low values, enzymatic proteins denature and metabolic pathways fail to operate. This acidity is far below the tightly regulated homeostatic set point of human extracellular fluid.
B. 7.05-7.15: These values indicate a profound acidotic state often seen in clinical emergencies like diabetic ketoacidosis. While survivable for short periods with medical intervention, it does not represent a normal physiological range. It lacks the slight alkalinity required for optimal systemic enzyme and protein function.
C. 7.15-7.25: This pH range remains significantly acidic compared to the normal physiological parameters of human tissue fluid. Though closer to the target, it still reflects a pathological deviation from homeostasis. It is inconsistent with the standard laboratory values for healthy interstitial or vascular fluids.
D. 7.25-7.35: This range is slightly more acidic than the average systemic arterial pH. While venous blood may occasionally approach the upper end of this range due to carbon dioxide load, it is not the standard. It represents the lower limit of what is considered physiologically acceptable.
E. 7.35-7.45: This represents the narrow, slightly alkaline homeostatic range for arterial blood and interstitial tissue fluids. The body utilizes multiple buffering mechanisms to maintain this specific interval to ensure optimal molecular stability. It is the recognized clinical standard for a healthy acid-base balance.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.