How can the fine motor development of a pre-schooler be best evaluated?
By observing the child roll a ball.
By asking the child to cut pictures from a magazine with scissors.
By asking the child to thread a needle.
By watching the child drink from a cup.
The Correct Answer is B
Preschool fine motor development reflects maturation of small muscle coordination, hand–eye integration, bilateral hand use, and prewriting skills, enabling precise manipulation of tools such as scissors, crayons, and simple craft materials.
Rationale:
A. Rolling a ball primarily assesses gross motor coordination involving large muscle groups and balance. It does not evaluate fine motor precision, finger dexterity, or hand–eye integration required for preschool fine motor assessment.
B. Cutting pictures with scissors assesses bilateral coordination, controlled grasp, and hand–eye integration. It reflects advanced preschool fine motor skills including precision, grip strength, and controlled wrist movement appropriate for developmental evaluation.
C. Threading a needle requires highly advanced fine dexterity and visual precision, typically beyond normal preschool developmental expectations. This task is more appropriate for older school-age children due to its complexity and precision demands.
D. Drinking from a cup evaluates basic oral-motor coordination and gross hand control but does not assess fine motor precision or intricate finger movements required for developmental fine motor skill evaluation in preschoolers.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Pediatric restraint techniques are essential during invasive procedures to ensure procedural safety, minimize movement, prevent vascular injury, and maintain infant immobilization during venous access in scalp vein cannulation procedures safely.
Rationale:
A. Mummy restraint provides appropriate immobilization for infant scalp vein cannulation. It wraps infant securely limiting upper limb and trunk movement. Reduces motion improving venous access stability and procedural success rates. Prevents accidental dislodgement maintaining safety during intravenous therapy insertion procedure.
B. Clove hitch is primarily a limb restraint securing technique method. Used to tie extremities to bed for restricted movement control. Not suitable for infant scalp vein cannulation due to instability. May cause circulation impairment and increased distress in infants patients.
C. Elbow restraint prevents elbow flexion restricting arm movement in infants. Typically applied to keep arms extended for intravenous access sites. Does not control head movement required for scalp vein procedures. Insufficient for immobilizing neonate during scalp venipuncture procedures safely performed.
D. Jacket restraint immobilizes upper torso using vest like device system. Restricts shoulder and trunk movement but allows limited limb motion. Not indicated for localized scalp venous cannulation procedures in infants. May increase respiratory restriction and discomfort during restraint application process.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Infant cardiovascular and respiratory physiology is characterized by higher metabolic demand, reduced stroke volume, reduced tidal volume, and limited oxygen reserve, requiring compensatory increases in heart rate and respiratory rate to maintain adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation.
Rationale:
A. Infants have lower stroke volume and reduced tidal volume, meaning each heartbeat and breath delivers less oxygen and blood. To compensate for limited exchange per cycle, heart and respiratory rates are physiologically higher to maintain adequate oxygen delivery and perfusion.
B. This is incorrect because infants do not have larger stroke volume or tidal volume compared to adults. Their cardiopulmonary systems are immature, with limited capacity per cycle, so increased rates compensate for reduced, not increased, exchange volumes.
C. Infants do not have slower metabolism; in fact, metabolic rate is higher than adults due to growth demands. Therefore, slower heart and respiratory rates would not meet oxygen requirements. This option contradicts basic pediatric physiology principles.
D. Smaller body size does not result in slower cardiorespiratory rates. Instead, reduced lung compliance and smaller cardiac output require increased rates. Physiological demand in infants necessitates faster rather than slower heart and respiratory activity to sustain oxygenation.
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