If a patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours, the nurse is aware that this loss of stomach contents can result in:

metabolic alkalosis

respiratory alkalosis

respiratory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:
A. Metabolic alkalosis occurs because vomiting causes loss of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl), reducing hydrogen ions in the body and increasing blood pH. This is the most common acid-base imbalance associated with prolonged vomiting.
B. Respiratory alkalosis results from excessive loss of CO₂ due to hyperventilation, unrelated to vomiting.
C. Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation causing CO₂ retention; vomiting does not cause this.
D. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acids, such as in diarrhea or ketoacidosis, not typically from vomiting.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Respiratory alkalosis results from hyperventilation, which is unlikely with opioid overdose.
B. Metabolic acidosis can occur from other causes but is not the primary imbalance here.
C. Metabolic alkalosis is not associated with opioid overdose.
D. Respiratory acidosis occurs due to hypoventilation caused by opioid-induced respiratory depression, leading to CO₂ retention and decreased pH.

A. Bronchoscopy B. Pulmonary function tests C. Pulse oximetry D. Arterial blood gases

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Bronchoscopy allows for direct visualization of the airways and may be used for sampling or clearing secretions but does not assess acid-base balance.
B. Pulmonary function tests evaluate lung volume and airflow but are not specific to acid-base status.
C. Pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation, which reflects oxygenation but not CO₂ levels or pH status.
D. Arterial blood gases (ABGs) are the most accurate test for evaluating acid-base balance, as they provide values for pH, PaCO₂, HCO₃⁻, and PaO₂ — essential indicators in COPD management.

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If a patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours, the nurse is aware that this loss of stomach contents can result in:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An emergency department nurse admits a client who has tried to commit suicide by taking an overdose of hydromorphone (Dilaudid), a narcotic. For which acid-base imbalance should the nurse assess this client for?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client has been admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Diagnostic tests have been ordered. Which of the tests will provide the most accurate indicator of the client's acid-base balance?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is planning care for a child who has severe diarrhea. Which of the following actions is the purse's priority?

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury. The client's ABGS are: PH: 7.26 PaCO: 30 mm Hg HCO3: 14 mEq/L Which of the following acid-imbalances should the nurse identify the client is experiencing?

A nurse is caring for an infant who is dehydrated and requires IV therapy. The nurse should monitor the infant's response to therapy by performing which of the following actions?

When caring for a client with an acid-base imbalance, which serum electrolytes are essential for a nurse to monitor? (Select 2 that apply)

The regulatory system of acid-base balance takes the longest time to respond, and regulates the pH of extracellular fluid (ECF) by eliminating hydrogen ions or bicarbonate in body fluids?

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