If a patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours, the nurse is aware that this loss of stomach contents can result in:

metabolic alkalosis

respiratory alkalosis

respiratory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:
A. Metabolic alkalosis occurs because vomiting causes loss of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl), reducing hydrogen ions in the body and increasing blood pH. This is the most common acid-base imbalance associated with prolonged vomiting.
B. Respiratory alkalosis results from excessive loss of CO₂ due to hyperventilation, unrelated to vomiting.
C. Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation causing CO₂ retention; vomiting does not cause this.
D. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a loss of bicarbonate or accumulation of acids, such as in diarrhea or ketoacidosis, not typically from vomiting.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Hemoglobin is important for evaluating oxygen-carrying capacity and detecting anemia, but spironolactone does not directly affect hemoglobin levels. This value is not a priority for monitoring the effects of spironolactone.

B. Cholesterol levels are relevant for assessing cardiovascular risk, but spironolactone does not significantly impact lipid profiles. Therefore, total cholesterol is not the most important lab to monitor for this medication.

C. TSH is used to evaluate thyroid function. Spironolactone does not influence thyroid hormones or TSH levels, so this value is unrelated to the medication’s expected effects or complications.

D. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. It works by antagonizing aldosterone in the distal tubule, leading to retention of potassium. This can result in hyperkalemia, especially in older adults or those with renal impairment. Monitoring serum potassium is essential to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias and other complications.

A. Applesauce B. Pretzels C. Chicken hotdog D. Lemonade E. Tomato juice

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Applesauce is naturally low in sodium and is appropriate for a low-sodium diet.
B. Pretzels are typically high in sodium and should be avoided or eaten in moderation.
C. Chicken hotdogs are processed meats that contain high levels of sodium and should be avoided.
D. Lemonade is low in sodium and generally acceptable unless other health concerns are present (e.g., diabetes).
E. Tomato juice often contains added salt and is high in sodium unless specifically labeled as low-sodium.

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If a patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours, the nurse is aware that this loss of stomach contents can result in:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a new prescription for spironolactone. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor for this client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient with congestive heart failure is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which of the following foods, if chosen by the patient, indicates further teaching is necessary? (Select 3 options that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

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A patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which organ system is responsible for compensation in this patient?

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values for a client who takes spironolactone and notes that the client's serum potassium level is 6.8 mEq/L. The nurse notifies the provider and anticipates that the provider will provide which of the following instructions?

The nurse is aware that which of the following results when an increased concentration of hydrogen ions occurs within the body fluids?

When caring for a client with an acid-base imbalance, which serum electrolytes are essential for a nurse to monitor? (Select 2 that apply)

If a patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours, the nurse is aware that this loss of stomach contents can result in:

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