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A nurse is reviewing the preadmission laboratory test results of a client who is scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy in 3 days. Which of the following results should the nurse report to the provider?

Chloride 105 mEq/L

Calcium 9.6 mEq/L

Sodium 151 mEq/L

Potassium 3.8 mEq/L

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Rationale:

A. Chloride 105 mEq/L is within the normal range (98–106 mEq/L) and does not require reporting.

B. Calcium 9.6 mEq/L is a normal calcium level (normal range: 8.5–10.5 mEq/L).

C. Sodium 151 mEq/L is above the normal sodium range (135–145 mEq/L) and indicates hypernatremia. This could affect neurological function and fluid balance, especially important to correct prior to surgery.

D. Potassium 3.8 mEq/L is within the normal range (3.5–5.0 mEq/L).

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:
A. The renal system compensates for respiratory acidosis by retaining bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and excreting hydrogen ions to help normalize blood pH.
B. The endocrine system regulates hormones, but it is not involved in acid-base compensation.
C. The respiratory system is the cause of the acidosis in this case and therefore cannot compensate.
D. The gastrointestinal system has a minor role in maintaining acid-base balance, but it is not the primary compensatory system for respiratory imbalances.

A. Flattened T waves on ECG B. Muscle cramps C. Fatigue D. Decreased bowel sounds

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale:

A. This is an early and potentially serious sign of cardiac involvement in hypokalemia. It can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential in patients with low potassium levels.

B. Muscle cramps – Common in hypokalemia due to muscle cell irritability, but not immediately life-threatening like cardiac effects.

C. Fatigue is a general symptom of hypokalemia, but nonspecific and not as critical as ECG changes.

D. Decreased bowel sounds – Reflects reduced smooth muscle activity (hypokalemia can slow GI motility), but this is also less critical than cardiac dysrhythmias.

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A nurse is reviewing the preadmission laboratory test results of a client who is scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy in 3 days. Which of the following results should the nurse report to the provider?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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