In 2010, the Institute of Medicine published the report The Future of Nursing, in which it stated: "Regulatory and institutional obstacles — including limits on nurses' scope of practice — should be removed so that the health system can reap the full benefit of nurses' training, skills, and knowledge in patient care." How did the American Medical Association respond?
The AMA declined to comment or respond in any way to the publication.
The AMA challenged the report and stated that the physician-led team approach to care helps ensure high-quality patient care and value for healthcare spending.
The AMA accepted the report in its entirety and helped implement its recommendations at the federal level.
The AMA accepted the report and helped distribute it and implement it at the state level. The work is still ongoing.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: The AMA did not remain silent on the report. Given the implications for scope of practice and healthcare delivery models, the organization issued a formal response to the IOM’s recommendations.
Choice B reason: The American Medical Association challenged the report, emphasizing the importance of physician-led teams in maintaining high standards of care and cost-effectiveness. The AMA expressed concern that expanding nurses’ scope of practice without physician oversight could compromise care quality and safety. Their stance reflected a broader debate over professional boundaries and healthcare roles.
Choice C reason: The AMA did not accept the report in its entirety nor did it assist in implementing its recommendations at the federal level. In fact, their response was critical, not supportive.
Choice D reason: The AMA did not actively help distribute or implement the report at the state level. While some nursing organizations and coalitions did pursue state-level reforms, the AMA’s position remained oppositional.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Reflective practice involves self-examination of one’s clinical decisions and experiences to improve future performance. While it supports evidence-based practice, it does not specifically refer to the systematic use of research findings to change clinical practice.
Choice B reason: Research utilization is the process of applying research findings to clinical practice. It involves synthesizing, disseminating, and implementing evidence to improve patient outcomes. This term specifically describes the operational aspect of evidence-based practice where knowledge is translated into action.
Choice C reason: Critical thinking is a cognitive process used to analyze information, make decisions, and solve problems. It is essential in evaluating research but does not encompass the full process of applying research findings to practice.
Choice D reason: Integration refers broadly to combining various elements into a unified whole. In evidence-based practice, it may describe the merging of clinical expertise, patient preferences, and research evidence, but it does not specifically denote the process of applying research findings.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Denial involves refusing to acknowledge reality or emotions. In this case, the woman is aware of her anger but chooses not to express it directly, so denial does not apply.
Choice B reason: Sublimation is a defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are transformed into socially acceptable actions. For example, channeling anger into exercise or art. Kicking a cat is not a socially acceptable outlet.
Choice C reason: Countertransference refers to a therapist’s emotional reaction to a client, often based on the therapist’s own unresolved issues. This concept does not apply to the woman’s personal reaction in a non-clinical setting.
Choice D reason: Displacement occurs when emotions are redirected from the original source to a safer or more acceptable target. The woman cannot express her anger at work, so she redirects it toward her cat, making this a textbook example of displacement.
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