In a treatment team planning meeting, a nurse states her concern about whether staff are behaving ethically in using restraints to prevent one client from engaging in self-mutilating behavior while for another self-mutilation client, the care plan calls for one-on-one suspension. Which ethical principle governs this situation?

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He believed that unconscious thoughts, feelings, and experiences from childhood could influence behavior and mental health in adulthood. Psychoanalytic therapy is a type of talk therapy that aims to bring these unconscious thoughts and experiences to the surface, in order to help patients gain insight into their behavior and mental health.

Defence mechanisms are psychological strategies that individuals use unconsciously to protect themselves from anxiety and emotional pain. Freud identified several defense mechanisms, including repression, denial, projection, and displacement. Psychoanalytic therapy is designed to help patients identify and understand these defense mechanisms, in order to develop healthier coping strategies.

Dorothea Dix was a social reformer who advocated for the humane treatment of the mentally ill. Erick Erickson was a developmental psychologist who developed a theory of psychosocial development.

Hildegard Peplau was a nurse theorist who developed a theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing. None of these individuals were associated with the development of psychoanalytic therapy.

To address the client’s cultural needs, the most appropriate nursing action would be to ask the client directly about their specific cultural needs and preferences. This allows the nurse to provide care that is tailored to the individual client and respects their cultural beliefs and practices.