In infants displaying abnormal work of breathing, retractions observed with the indrawing of skin between the ribs are known as:
intercostal.
subcostal.
substernal.
supraclavicular.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Intercostal retractions occur when the skin between the ribs is pulled inward during inspiration, indicating increased work of breathing and possible respiratory distress.
B. Subcostal retractions are seen when the skin just below the ribcage is drawn inward.
C. Substernal retractions involve inward movement below the sternum.
D. Supraclavicular retractions involve inward movement above the clavicles, often indicating severe respiratory distress.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. In a healthy 10-year-old, a heart rate of 60 beats per minute at rest is concerning because the normal resting heart rate for this age group ranges from approximately 70–120 bpm. A heart rate below 70 bpm (bradycardia) may indicate an underlying cardiac conduction issue or other pathology, particularly if symptomatic.
B. 73 bpm is within the normal range for a 10-year-old at rest.
C. 100 bpm is normal and can be expected depending on activity, anxiety, or mild stress.
D. 120 bpm is at the upper limit of normal for a 10-year-old and may be appropriate depending on recent activity or emotional state.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Hepatitis A vaccine prevents hepatitis A virus infection, which primarily affects the liver, not viral gastroenteritis caused by other pathogens.
B. Hepatitis B vaccine prevents hepatitis B virus infection, also primarily hepatic, and does not protect against common viral gastroenteritis.
C. Rotavirus vaccine is the most effective preventive measure against rotavirus infection, which is a leading cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. It reduces the incidence of hospitalization, severe diarrhea, and dehydration caused by rotavirus.
D. Vaccine for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is not routinely available for infants and children in most countries and is primarily targeted for travelers, not for general pediatric prevention.
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