The appearance of multiple pigmented light-brown, smooth-edged skin lesions measuring less than 2 centimeters could be consistent with:
Mongolian spots.
erythema toxicum.
café-au-lait spots.
congenital ichthyosis.
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Mongolian spots are usually blue-gray, congenital, and most often found on the sacral or buttock area in newborns; they are not light-brown with smooth edges.
B. Erythema toxicum presents as red, blotchy macules or papules with a yellow-white center and typically appears in the first few days of life; they are not light-brown pigmented lesions.
C. Café-au-lait spots are light-brown, smooth-edged, round or oval macules that can vary in size but are usually under 2 cm in younger children. Multiple café-au-lait spots can be associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 if six or more are present.
D. Congenital ichthyosis manifests as generalized scaling or thickened skin, not as discrete pigmented macules.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Ranitidine HCl (Zantac), a histamine-2 receptor antagonist, is considered safe for use in pregnancy for treating dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux, particularly when antacids alone are insufficient. It reduces gastric acid production without significant risk to the fetus.
B. Sodium bicarbonate is generally avoided in pregnancy due to the risk of systemic alkalosis and fluid overload.
C. Sodium citrate and citric acid (Bicitra) are typically used to alkalinize urine or prevent aspiration during anesthesia, not for routine dyspepsia management in pregnancy.
D. Aluminum, magnesium, and simethicone (Gelusil) are generally safe in moderation, but they are less effective than H2 blockers for persistent symptoms and may cause constipation or diarrhea depending on the formulation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A pericardial friction rub is a scratching or grating sound caused by inflammation of the pericardium and is not typically described as a pansystolic murmur.
B. A venous hum is a continuous, low-pitched sound heard over the neck and upper chest, not a harsh pansystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border.
C. A patent ductus arteriosus usually produces a continuous “machinery-like” murmur rather than a pansystolic murmur.
D. A ventricular septal defect (VSD) often presents as a pansystolic, harsh murmur best heard at the lower left sternal border. The intensity of the murmur may vary with the size of the defect, but this location and quality are classic for VSD in a young child.
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