In pregnancy, what condition is marked by elevated blood pressure, protein in the urine, and is associated with swelling?
Gestational hypertension
Preeclampsia
Premature birth
Gestational diabetes
The Correct Answer is B
A. Gestational hypertension involves elevated blood pressure during pregnancy but does not include protein in the urine or the characteristic swelling seen in preeclampsia.
B. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by high blood pressure, proteinuria (protein in the urine), and often edema (swelling), particularly in the hands, feet, and face. It usually develops after 20 weeks of gestation and can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby if untreated, including organ damage, seizures (eclampsia), and preterm birth. Early detection and monitoring are essential, and management may include antihypertensive medications, close fetal monitoring, and sometimes early delivery.
C. Premature birth refers to delivery before 37 weeks of gestation and is an outcome rather than a disease with these specific symptoms.
D. Gestational diabetes involves elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy but does not typically cause protein in the urine or the characteristic swelling associated with preeclampsia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The kidney does not synthesize red blood cells, but it does play a supportive role by producing erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
B. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, skin, and bones. It provides strength and support but has no role in red blood cell production.
C. Chondrocytes are specialized cells found in cartilage tissue. They are responsible for producing and maintaining the cartilaginous matrix, not blood cells.
D. Bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis, the process of synthesizing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are produced from hematopoietic stem cells in the red bone marrow, providing oxygen transport throughout the body. This process is vital for maintaining adequate oxygen delivery to tissues and supporting overall metabolic function.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The digestive system can be affected by lead exposure, potentially causing abdominal pain, nausea, or constipation, but these are secondary effects. The primary and most severe damage occurs in the nervous system.
B. The muscular system may experience weakness in severe cases of lead toxicity, but muscles are not the main target of lead’s toxic effects.
C. The respiratory system is not the primary site of lead toxicity. Lead exposure typically occurs through ingestion or inhalation, but the lungs themselves are not significantly damaged in most cases.
D. Lead primarily targets the brain and central nervous system (CNS). It interferes with neurotransmitter function, disrupts neuronal signaling, and impairs myelin formation. This results in cognitive deficits, learning difficulties, memory loss, impaired reasoning, attention problems, and behavioral changes. Children are particularly vulnerable because their developing brains absorb lead more efficiently, and even low levels can have lasting effects on intelligence and neurodevelopment. Chronic exposure in adults can lead to mood disorders, decreased cognitive function, and peripheral neuropathy.
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