What is key to the prevention of chronic disease?
5-6 hours of sleep each night
Maintain healthy body weight and composition
Two drinks of alcohol per day for everyone
Physical activity weekly
The Correct Answer is B
A. While adequate sleep is important for overall health, 5–6 hours per night is generally insufficient for most adults. Chronic sleep deprivation can actually increase the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
B. Maintaining a healthy body weight and composition is a cornerstone of chronic disease prevention. Excess body fat, particularly visceral fat, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers. A balanced diet combined with regular physical activity supports healthy weight and reduces chronic disease risk.
C. Alcohol consumption is not universally protective and can increase the risk of liver disease, certain cancers, and cardiovascular problems. Health guidelines do not recommend two drinks per day for everyone.
D. Physical activity is important for chronic disease prevention; however, it is most effective when combined with maintaining a healthy body weight and overall healthy lifestyle habits. Simply being physically active without attention to diet and weight may not fully prevent chronic disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend reducing sodium intake to help prevent hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Excess sodium is linked to elevated blood pressure, which increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease. Guidelines suggest limiting sodium to less than 2,300 mg per day for adults and even lower for individuals at risk.
B. Reducing nutrient density is not recommended. In fact, the guidelines emphasize increasing nutrient-dense foods, meaning foods rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other beneficial nutrients relative to calories, to support overall health.
C. The guidelines encourage choosing healthy fats, including polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, instead of saturated and trans fats. Decreasing polyunsaturated fats would contradict recommendations for heart-healthy dietary patterns.
D. Increasing intake of trans fats is strongly discouraged because trans fats raise LDL cholesterol, lower HDL cholesterol, and increase the risk of heart disease. The guidelines specifically recommend eliminating or minimizing trans fat intake.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, typically from contaminated food, and is particularly dangerous during pregnancy. It is unrelated to cravings for nonfood items.
B. Famine refers to a widespread scarcity of food, often due to crop failure or disaster. It is not a medical condition involving cravings.
C. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, sometimes accompanied by swelling. It does not involve cravings for nonfood substances.
D. Pica is the medical term for a craving and consumption of nonfood substances such as dirt, clay, chalk, ice, or paper. It is often associated with nutritional deficiencies (e.g., iron or zinc deficiency), pregnancy, or certain mental health conditions. Pica can lead to health risks, including gastrointestinal blockages, poisoning, or infections if the nonfood items are contaminated.
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