What is key to the prevention of chronic disease?
5-6 hours of sleep each night
Maintain healthy body weight and composition
Two drinks of alcohol per day for everyone
Physical activity weekly
The Correct Answer is B
A. While adequate sleep is important for overall health, 5–6 hours per night is generally insufficient for most adults. Chronic sleep deprivation can actually increase the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
B. Maintaining a healthy body weight and composition is a cornerstone of chronic disease prevention. Excess body fat, particularly visceral fat, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers. A balanced diet combined with regular physical activity supports healthy weight and reduces chronic disease risk.
C. Alcohol consumption is not universally protective and can increase the risk of liver disease, certain cancers, and cardiovascular problems. Health guidelines do not recommend two drinks per day for everyone.
D. Physical activity is important for chronic disease prevention; however, it is most effective when combined with maintaining a healthy body weight and overall healthy lifestyle habits. Simply being physically active without attention to diet and weight may not fully prevent chronic disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Its production depends on iron and vitamins such as B6, B12, and folate, but vitamin C does not directly synthesize hemoglobin. Although vitamin C can enhance iron absorption, it is not a component of hemoglobin formation itself.
B. Albumin is a major plasma protein synthesized in the liver. It helps maintain blood osmotic pressure, transports hormones, fatty acids, and drugs, and contributes to overall fluid balance. Vitamin C is not required for albumin production, so this is not the correct answer.
C. Iodine is an essential trace element used to produce thyroid hormones, not a protein. Vitamin C has no role in iodine metabolism or thyroid hormone synthesis.
D. Collagen is a structural protein found throughout the body in connective tissues such as skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and blood vessel walls. Vitamin C is a critical cofactor in the enzymatic hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues during collagen synthesis, which stabilizes the triple-helix structure of collagen. Adequate vitamin C ensures strong, healthy connective tissues, proper wound healing, and tissue repair. A deficiency in vitamin C leads to scurvy, characterized by weakened connective tissue, bleeding gums, poor wound healing, joint pain, and easy bruising. Collagen synthesis is therefore the primary way vitamin C helps maintain tissue health.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Vitamins and minerals often act as coenzymes or cofactors in metabolic reactions. Coenzymes are small organic molecules, often derived from vitamins, that assist enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions, including energy production, protein synthesis, and nutrient metabolism. Minerals such as magnesium, zinc, and iron also serve as cofactors, enabling enzymes to function properly. For example, B vitamins act as coenzymes in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, supporting ATP production.
B. Lipids and fats are macronutrients that provide energy, essential fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins, but they do not function as coenzymes in metabolic reactions.
C. Calcium and fluoride are minerals important for bone and dental health and other physiological functions, but they are not primarily coenzymes regulating metabolism.
D. Leptin and ghrelin are hormones that regulate appetite and energy balance but do not act as coenzymes in enzymatic metabolic processes.
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