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In which part of the nephron does most reabsorption of water and nutrients occur?

A.

Proximal convoluted tubule

B.

Loop of Henle

C.

Collecting duct

D.

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Proximal convoluted tubule: Approximately 65% of all water and electrolytes, and 100% of glucose and amino acids, are reabsorbed here.

B. Loop of Henle: This is specialized for salt and water concentration, but the bulk volume of reabsorption has already occurred in the PCT.

C. Collecting duct: Only small, hormone-regulated amounts of water are reabsorbed here.

D. Distal convoluted tubule: This area is responsible for small, precise adjustments to electrolytes.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. It absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract: This is the function of the small intestine, not the nephron.

B. It secretes hormones to regulate blood pressure: While the kidney does this (Renin), it is a secondary function; the nephron's primary role in fluid/electrolyte balance is through filtration and urine formation.

C. It facilitates gas exchange in the lungs: This is the function of the alveoli.

D. It filters blood and forms urine: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, maintaining homeostasis by filtering waste from the blood and selectively reabsorbing or secreting water and electrolytes.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Increased alveolar ventilation: In pneumonia, ventilation is actually decreased in the affected areas because the alveoli are filled with fluid/pus.

B. Impaired alveolar gas exchange: Pneumonia causes inflammatory fluid and exudate to fill the alveoli, creating a physical barrier that prevents oxygen from reaching the blood.

C. Decreased alveolar perfusion: Perfusion (blood flow) often continues, but because the alveoli aren't ventilated, blood leaves the area unoxygenated (shunting).

D. Enhanced diffusion of carbon dioxide: Diffusion is impaired, not enhanced.

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