Inadequate consumption of which nutrient causes the most common nutrient deficiency in young children?
Magnesium
Iron
Folate
Vitamin C
The Correct Answer is B
A. Magnesium is essential for bone development, muscle function, and enzyme activity, but deficiency in young children is relatively uncommon in comparison to iron deficiency.
B. Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in young children worldwide. Iron is crucial for the formation of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood, and for proper cognitive and physical development. Inadequate iron intake can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, causing fatigue, pallor, delayed growth, and impaired learning. Young children are especially at risk due to rapid growth and high iron requirements, combined with diets low in iron-rich foods such as meat, beans, and fortified cereals.
C. Folate (vitamin B9) deficiency can occur, especially in pregnant women, and may lead to anemia and neural tube defects in the fetus, but it is less common in young children than iron deficiency.
D. Vitamin C deficiency, which can cause scurvy, is rare in young children today because most diets include sufficient fruits and vegetables. While important for collagen synthesis and immune function, vitamin C deficiency is not the most common nutrient deficiency in this age group.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A peanut allergy is an immune-mediated response in which the body identifies peanut proteins as harmful, triggering a severe allergic reaction. This is a true food allergy, not a food intolerance.
B. Lactose intolerance is a food intolerance, not an allergy. It occurs when the body lacks sufficient lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. This leads to gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, gas, and abdominal pain after consuming dairy, but it does not involve the immune system.
C. A bee sting reaction is an example of an allergy caused by the immune system responding to bee venom. It is not related to food intolerance.
D. A shellfish allergy is an immune-mediated reaction to proteins in shellfish, which can cause severe or life-threatening symptoms. This is a true allergy, not a food intolerance.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Swiss cheese is very high in calcium and supports bone health, but it is an animal-derived product. Vegans avoid all dairy products, so Swiss cheese would not be appropriate for a vegan client. Regular consumption could also increase saturated fat intake, which is another consideration for overall health.
B. Yogurt is a good source of calcium, protein, and probiotics, but it is also a dairy product and therefore excluded from a vegan diet. Non-dairy fortified alternatives like soy, almond, or oat yogurt could be considered, but plain dairy yogurt itself is not vegan-friendly.
C. Collard greens are a plant-based food rich in calcium, making them an excellent choice for vegans. One cup of cooked collard greens provides roughly 266 mg of calcium, along with vitamins A, C, K, and dietary fiber. Other calcium-rich plant sources include kale, bok choy, turnip greens, fortified plant milks, tofu set with calcium salts, almonds, and sesame seeds. While plant-based calcium may be slightly less bioavailable than dairy calcium, a varied diet with multiple sources can meet daily requirements. Incorporating these foods supports bone density, nerve function, and overall metabolic health in vegan clients.
D. Sardines are rich in calcium, especially because of their edible bones, and also provide vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids. However, they are an animal product and therefore not suitable for a vegan diet.
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