Which nutrients act as coenzymes to regulate metabolism?

A. While eating a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables can indicate a range of nutrients, color alone does not guarantee a healthful diet. A diet can be colorful but still high in added sugars, unhealthy fats, or processed foods.

B. Whether foods are organic or not does not determine the overall healthfulness of the diet. Both organic and conventionally grown foods can contribute to a balanced, nutritious diet. Excluding organic foods is not a key component of healthful eating.

C. Featuring whole foods—minimally processed foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and lean proteins—is beneficial, but this alone does not fully define a healthful diet. Other factors, such as nutrient density and balance, are also critical.

D. Nutrient-dense foods provide a high amount of essential nutrients (vitamins, minerals, protein, fiber) relative to their calorie content. Choosing nutrient-dense foods helps ensure adequate nutrition while supporting healthy body weight and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Examples include leafy greens, berries, lean proteins, whole grains, and legumes. Focusing on nutrient-dense foods is a cornerstone of a healthful diet.

A. Breast milk contains antibodies, particularly immunoglobulin A (IgA), which help protect infants from infections such as respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. This passive immunity is a key advantage of breastfeeding.

B. Breastfeeding reduces the infant’s exposure to potential contaminants, preservatives, or additives that may be present in formula or other foods. Breast milk is naturally sterile when produced and provides optimal nutrition.

C. While breastfeeding is legally protected in many places, public acceptance in American society varies and can still be a barrier for some mothers. Social acceptance is not a biological advantage of breastfeeding.

D. Harmful drugs, alcohol, and certain infections can be passed through breast milk. Mothers must be cautious with medications, substances, or illnesses that can affect the infant.

E. Breastfeeding increases maternal energy expenditure, which can help some mothers return to their pre-pregnancy weight more quickly. It also stimulates uterine contractions, which can aid postpartum recovery.