Late preterm infants (gestational age between 34 and 36 weeks)

Rationale:
A. A low-fiber diet is not a definitive treatment; dietary modifications may help manage symptoms but do not correct the underlying problem.
B. Surgical removal of the aganglionic segment of the bowel is the primary treatment for Hirschsprung’s disease, as the affected segment lacks nerve cells needed for normal peristalsis. Postoperative care may include temporary ostomy in some cases, but definitive management requires excision of the affected bowel.
C. A permanent colostomy is rarely needed; most children undergo a primary pull-through procedure.
D. Nasogastric decompression and supportive medical management do not resolve the underlying defect, though they may be used temporarily preoperatively to relieve obstruction.

Rationale:
A. Immediate referral to a pediatric urologist is not necessary for most infant hydroceles.
B. Hydrocele in infants is typically a normal finding due to fluid accumulation in the scrotum, often related to a patent processus vaginalis. Most hydroceles resolve spontaneously within the first year of life, especially by 12 months.
C. Waiting 3 months may be too short for natural resolution; most guidelines suggest observation until at least 12 months.
D. Waiting 6 months is reasonable, but the standard approach considers hydrocele normal and self-resolving, making routine referral unnecessary unless it persists beyond 12–18 months or becomes symptomatic.