Lead toxicity primarily damages which body system, leading to impaired thinking, reasoning, and perception?
Digestive system
Muscular system
Respiratory system
Brain and central nervous system
The Correct Answer is D
A. The digestive system can be affected by lead exposure, potentially causing abdominal pain, nausea, or constipation, but these are secondary effects. The primary and most severe damage occurs in the nervous system.
B. The muscular system may experience weakness in severe cases of lead toxicity, but muscles are not the main target of lead’s toxic effects.
C. The respiratory system is not the primary site of lead toxicity. Lead exposure typically occurs through ingestion or inhalation, but the lungs themselves are not significantly damaged in most cases.
D. Lead primarily targets the brain and central nervous system (CNS). It interferes with neurotransmitter function, disrupts neuronal signaling, and impairs myelin formation. This results in cognitive deficits, learning difficulties, memory loss, impaired reasoning, attention problems, and behavioral changes. Children are particularly vulnerable because their developing brains absorb lead more efficiently, and even low levels can have lasting effects on intelligence and neurodevelopment. Chronic exposure in adults can lead to mood disorders, decreased cognitive function, and peripheral neuropathy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The kidney does not synthesize red blood cells, but it does play a supportive role by producing erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
B. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, skin, and bones. It provides strength and support but has no role in red blood cell production.
C. Chondrocytes are specialized cells found in cartilage tissue. They are responsible for producing and maintaining the cartilaginous matrix, not blood cells.
D. Bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis, the process of synthesizing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are produced from hematopoietic stem cells in the red bone marrow, providing oxygen transport throughout the body. This process is vital for maintaining adequate oxygen delivery to tissues and supporting overall metabolic function.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Being underweight can disrupt hormonal balance, including reproductive hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. In women, this can lead to irregular menstrual cycles or amenorrhea, while in men it can affect fertility and overall endocrine function.
B. Excess adipose tissue is a health risk associated with being overweight or obese, not underweight. Underweight individuals typically have low body fat stores.
C. Iron deficiency anemia is more common in underweight individuals due to inadequate dietary intake of iron-rich foods. Low body weight may also reflect overall malnutrition, increasing the risk of deficiencies in iron and other essential nutrients.
D. High blood pressure is typically associated with overweight and obesity rather than being underweight. Underweight individuals are less likely to develop hypertension solely due to low body weight.
E. Delayed wound healing can occur in underweight individuals because inadequate caloric intake and nutrient deficiencies (such as protein, zinc, and vitamin C) impair tissue repair and immune function, making recovery from injuries slower.
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