Burn injuries increase an individual's risk of infection due to:
Increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
Decreased body temperature.
Increased production of white blood cells.
Loss of the protective skin barrier.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Increased oxygen delivery to the tissues is incorrect because increased oxygen delivery does not inherently increase infection risk; in fact, adequate tissue oxygenation can support immune function and healing.
B. Decreased body temperature is incorrect because while severe burns may cause thermoregulatory issues, hypothermia itself is not the primary reason for increased infection risk. Infection is more directly related to the loss of skin integrity.
C. Increased production of white blood cells is incorrect because leukocytosis (increased white blood cells) occurs as part of the inflammatory response, but it does not prevent infection. Even with elevated WBC counts, the body is more vulnerable if the skin barrier is compromised.
D. Loss of the protective skin barrier is correct because the skin is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens. Burns destroy this barrier, leaving underlying tissues exposed to bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. This makes burn patients highly susceptible to local wound infections, sepsis, and systemic infections. Proper wound care, aseptic techniques, and sometimes prophylactic antibiotics are critical in managing this risk.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Erythropoietin is incorrect because it primarily stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow in response to hypoxia. It does not play a role in sodium reabsorption or water balance.
B. Aldosterone is correct because it is a mineralocorticoid hormone released from the adrenal cortex that increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys. As sodium is reabsorbed, water follows by osmosis, leading to increased water retention, increased blood volume, and increased blood pressure.
C. Calcitonin is incorrect because it is involved in calcium regulation. It lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. It does not affect sodium or water retention.
D. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is incorrect because although it does promote water reabsorption in the kidneys, it does so by increasing the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, not by increasing sodium reabsorption. Therefore, it causes water retention independently of sodium.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. High urine pH is incorrect because while urine pH can influence bacterial growth, it is not the primary factor contributing to recurrent UTIs in older men. Other conditions, such as structural or functional urinary obstruction, are more significant.
B. Urine retention due to an enlarged prostate is correct because benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in older men and can cause partial obstruction of urine flow. This leads to urine stasis, which creates an environment conducive to bacterial growth, significantly increasing the risk of recurrent UTIs. Urine that is not fully expelled allows bacteria to multiply and ascend the urinary tract.
C. Use of cotton underwear is incorrect because wearing breathable underwear may help reduce irritation or moisture-related infections, but it is not a major contributor to UTIs in older men. Recurrent UTIs are more closely linked to urinary retention and obstruction.
D. Increased fluid intake is incorrect because higher fluid intake actually helps prevent UTIs by diluting urine and promoting regular bladder emptying. It reduces bacterial concentration and decreases the risk of infection, rather than causing recurrent infections.
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