Order: 250 mL. Normal saline bolus IV over 30 minutes

On hand: 1L normal saline bags

W/hat rate will the nurse set the pump to deliver the fluid?

Choice A reason: This statement is false. Captopril does not cause hypokalemia, which is a condition where the potassium level is too low. Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that lowers blood pressure and prevents kidney damage. It can actually cause hyperkalemia, which is a condition where the potassium level is too high. Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. Captopril does not cause lower extremity edema, which is a swelling of the legs or ankles due to fluid accumulation. Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that lowers blood pressure and prevents kidney damage. It can actually reduce edema, which is a common symptom of heart failure or kidney disease.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. Captopril does not cause hypertension, which is a condition where the blood pressure is too high. Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that lowers blood pressure and prevents kidney damage. It can actually treat hypertension, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke or heart attack.

Choice D reason: This statement is true. Captopril can cause dry cough, which is a common and mild side effect of this drug. Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that lowers blood pressure and prevents kidney damage. However, it can also affect the metabolism of a substance called bradykinin, which is involved in inflammation and coughing. Captopril can increase the levels of bradykinin in the lungs, which can irritate the airways and cause dry cough. Dry cough is not a serious condition, but it can be annoying and interfere with sleep or daily activities. The cough usually goes away after stopping the drug or switching to another type of blood pressure medication.

Choice A reason: This statement is true. The client should report black or bloody bowel movements, as they may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a serious complication of warfarin therapy. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clots, but it can also increase the risk of bleeding.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. The client should not limit all fruits and vegetables, as they are important sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. However, the client should be consistent with their intake of foods that contain vitamin K, such as leafy greens, broccoli, and cabbage, as vitamin K can counteract the effects of warfarin and reduce its efficacy.

Choice C reason: This statement is true. The client should report coffee ground or bloody emesis, as they may indicate upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which is another serious complication of warfarin therapy. Coffee ground emesis is vomit that looks like coffee grounds, caused by the presence of digested blood.

Choice D reason: This statement is true. The client should use a soft-bristled toothbrush, as it can prevent gum bleeding, which is a minor side effect of warfarin therapy. The client should also avoid dental flossing or using toothpicks that may injure the gums.

Choice E reason: This statement is true. The client should shave with an electric razor instead of a razor blade, as it can prevent skin cuts or nicks, which may bleed excessively due to warfarin therapy. The client should also avoid activities that may cause bruises or injuries, such as contact sports or gardening.