Orthopnea refers to:
A collection of excess fluid within the intrapleural
Difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting upright
A bluish color of the skin induced by hypoxemia
A lung infection like pneumonia
The Correct Answer is B
A. A collection of excess fluid within the intrapleural: This describes a pleural effusion, not orthopnea.
B. Difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting upright: This is the definition of orthopnea, commonly seen in conditions like heart failure.
C. A bluish color of the skin induced by hypoxemia: This describes cyanosis, not orthopnea.
D. A lung infection like pneumonia: Pneumonia is a specific infection, not a description of breathing difficulty in certain positions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Decrease oxygenation due to decrease in muscle function- kyphosis primarily affects skeletal structure, not muscles.
B. Decrease oxygenation due to inability to change thoracic pressure adequately- kyphosis alters thoracic cage shape, restricting expansion and limiting pressure changes required for ventilation.
C. Decrease oxygenation due to loss of elasticity of lung tissue- this relates more to normal aging or emphysema, not kyphosis.
D. Decrease in oxygenation due to decrease nervous system response- kyphosis doesn’t affect the nervous system directly.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bronchi: Contain cartilage and some smooth muscle but are not the primary regulators of airflow.
B. Larynx: Functions in sound production and airway protection, not airflow regulation to alveoli.
C. Bronchioles: Correct; they are lined with smooth muscle that controls airflow to alveoli.
D. Trachea: A rigid structure with cartilage rings; does not regulate airflow via muscle tone.
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