Orthopnea refers to:
A collection of excess fluid within the intrapleural
Difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting upright
A bluish color of the skin induced by hypoxemia
A lung infection like pneumonia
The Correct Answer is B
A. A collection of excess fluid within the intrapleural: This describes a pleural effusion, not orthopnea.
B. Difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting upright: This is the definition of orthopnea, commonly seen in conditions like heart failure.
C. A bluish color of the skin induced by hypoxemia: This describes cyanosis, not orthopnea.
D. A lung infection like pneumonia: Pneumonia is a specific infection, not a description of breathing difficulty in certain positions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Refer to breathing rates: Bradypnea = slow breathing; tachypnea = rapid breathing. Both describe respiratory rates.
B. Are respiratory changes caused by exercise: Tachypnea may occur with exercise, but bradypnea does not.
C. Are upper respiratory infections: These are breathing patterns, not infections.
D. Are relieved by sitting upright: This describes orthopnea, not bradypnea/tachypnea.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Bronchi: The bronchi are the main airways that branch off from the trachea and enter each lung. Structure #8 is shown as the large branches that split into the lungs, consistent with the location and appearance of the bronchi.
B. Trachea: The trachea is the main airway above the bronchi, running down the neck before it splits into the left and right bronchi. It is likely labeled as #7 in the diagram.
C. Alveoli: Alveoli are microscopic air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs. They are not visibly distinct in this diagram and are located much further down the airway branches than where #8 is labeled.
D. Bronchioles: Bronchioles are the smaller branches that come off the bronchi and lead to the alveoli. They would be located deeper into the lung structure and are smaller than the bronchi seen at label #8.
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