Orthopnea refers to:
A collection of excess fluid within the intrapleural
Difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting upright
A bluish color of the skin induced by hypoxemia
A lung infection like pneumonia
The Correct Answer is B
A. A collection of excess fluid within the intrapleural: This describes a pleural effusion, not orthopnea.
B. Difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting upright: This is the definition of orthopnea, commonly seen in conditions like heart failure.
C. A bluish color of the skin induced by hypoxemia: This describes cyanosis, not orthopnea.
D. A lung infection like pneumonia: Pneumonia is a specific infection, not a description of breathing difficulty in certain positions.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bronchioles- bronchioles are airways that lead to alveoli but are not where gas exchange occurs.
B. Trachea- this is a conduction pathway for air, not where diffusion of gases happens.
C. Pulmonary capillaries- oxygen diffuses across the alveolar membrane into the pulmonary capillaries for transport in the blood.
D. Lungs- this is too broad; gas exchange occurs specifically at the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Due to contraction of the trapezius muscle: Not involved in normal breathing.
B. Referred to as ventilation (breathing): Correct; ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
C. Due to relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles: Only exhalation is passive due to relaxation.
D. Caused by contraction and relaxation of the bronchiolar smooth muscle: Regulates airflow, not breathing movements.
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