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If a patient has apnea, they are:

Hyperventilating

Having difficulty breathing

Experiencing Kussmaul respirations

Not breathing

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hyperventilating: this means rapid, deep breathing.

B. Having difficulty breathing: that is dyspnea.

C. Experiencing Kussmaul respirations: that’s deep, labored breathing, often seen in metabolic acidosis.

D. Not breathing: apnea means absence of breathing.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. It is difficult to keep the alveoli open- surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension; without it, alveoli collapse (atelectasis).

B. Bronchioles relax- not directly related to surfactant.

C. The alveoli fill with water- surfactant prevents collapse, not water entry.

D. Air enters the intrapleural space- this would cause a pneumothorax, unrelated to surfactant function.

A. Due to contraction of the trapezius muscle B. Referred to as ventilation (breathing) C. Due to relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostals muscles D. Caused by contraction and relaxation of the bronchiolar smooth muscle

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Due to contraction of the trapezius muscle: Not involved in normal breathing.

B. Referred to as ventilation (breathing): Correct; ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

C. Due to relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles: Only exhalation is passive due to relaxation.

D. Caused by contraction and relaxation of the bronchiolar smooth muscle: Regulates airflow, not breathing movements.

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If a patient has apnea, they are:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

In the absence of surfactants:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Inhalation and exhalation are:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

You notice that a client's sternocleidomastoid muscle (an accessory respiratory muscle) is contracting with respiration while the patient is at rest. What should the nurse conclude based on this observance?

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the:

An increase in blood _____ is most likely to increase the rate of breathing.

Which of the following is correct air flow?

Which of the following are reasons that people breath more rapidly when exercising? Select all that apply.

Bradypnea and tachypnea:

Which of the following structures are part of the lower respiratory tract? (Select All that Apply)

Using the provided diagram, identify the structure labeled as #8.