Patient Data
A history is completed by the healthcare provider (HCP) with a rapid assessment, and vital signs completed by the nurse
Click to highlight the findings that require follow up.
- Neurological: Alert and oriented person, place, time, and situation. Agitated. Denies headaches.
- Cardiovascular: Reported chest pain described as pressure and tightness that is unrelieved with rest. Rapid regular rhythm. Normal heart tones. Radial and pedal pulses 2+. Capillary refill 2 seconds.
- Respiratory: Rapid and shallow breaths. Clear breath sounds throughout bilateral lungs.
- Gastrointestinal: Within normal limits (WNL).
- Genitourinary: WNL
- Musculoskeletal: WNL
- Pain: Reported 7 on a 0 to 10 scale, tightness and pressure in chest. Started approximately 2 hours ago and got progressively worse, unrelieved by rest.
Alert and oriented person, place, time, and situation.
Agitated
Reported chest pain described as pressure and tightness that is unrelieved with rest.
Radial and pedal pulses 2+
Rapid and shallow breaths.
Clear breath sounds throughout bilateral lungs
Reported 7 on a 0 to 10 scale, tightness and pressure in chest
The Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","G"]
Rationale for correct answers:
- Agitated: In the context of chest pain, agitation or a "sense of impending doom" is a clinical indicator of decreased cerebral perfusion or a sympathetic nervous system surge related to a myocardial infarction.
- Reported chest pain described as pressure and tightness that is unrelieved with rest: Stable angina usually resolves with rest. Pain that is "unrelieved by rest" and has lasted longer than 20 minutes is a classic hallmark of unstable angina or an acute myocardial infarction.
- Rapid and shallow breaths: A respiratory rate of 21 and a shallow pattern indicate respiratory distress. This may be a compensatory mechanism for low oxygen saturation (92%) or a result of the pain and anxiety associated with a cardiac event.
- Pain: Reported 7 on a 0 to 10 scale, tightness and pressure in chest: Any chest pain rated as severe (7/10) requires a STAT ECG and cardiac enzyme markers (Troponin) to rule out heart muscle damage.
Rationale of incorrect answers:
- Alert and oriented person, place, time, and situation: This is a normal finding (A&O x4), showing that the client currently has enough cardiac output to perfuse the brain.
- Radial and pedal pulses 2+: This is a normal finding, indicating that peripheral circulation is currently adequate and equal in all extremities.
- Clear breath sounds throughout bilateral lungs: This is a "normal" finding in this context. While it’s good the lungs are clear (suggesting no immediate heart failure/pulmonary edema), it is not an abnormal cue that needs a change in the plan of care.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","G"]
Explanation
Rationale for correct answers:
- Agitated: In the context of chest pain, agitation or a "sense of impending doom" is a clinical indicator of decreased cerebral perfusion or a sympathetic nervous system surge related to a myocardial infarction.
- Reported chest pain described as pressure and tightness that is unrelieved with rest: Stable angina usually resolves with rest. Pain that is "unrelieved by rest" and has lasted longer than 20 minutes is a classic hallmark of unstable angina or an acute myocardial infarction.
- Rapid and shallow breaths: A respiratory rate of 21 and a shallow pattern indicate respiratory distress. This may be a compensatory mechanism for low oxygen saturation (92%) or a result of the pain and anxiety associated with a cardiac event.
- Pain: Reported 7 on a 0 to 10 scale, tightness and pressure in chest: Any chest pain rated as severe (7/10) requires a STAT ECG and cardiac enzyme markers (Troponin) to rule out heart muscle damage.
Rationale of incorrect answers:
- Alert and oriented person, place, time, and situation: This is a normal finding (A&O x4), showing that the client currently has enough cardiac output to perfuse the brain.
- Radial and pedal pulses 2+: This is a normal finding, indicating that peripheral circulation is currently adequate and equal in all extremities.
- Clear breath sounds throughout bilateral lungs: This is a "normal" finding in this context. While it’s good the lungs are clear (suggesting no immediate heart failure/pulmonary edema), it is not an abnormal cue that needs a change in the plan of care.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Most contraceptives, such as hormonal methods or intrauterine devices, do not protect against STIs, including HPV. Only barrier methods, such as condoms, offer partial protection. Counseling that contraceptives protect against infection would be inaccurate.
B. Remaining non-judgmental and assuring confidentiality is the most appropriate response. Clients with STIs may feel embarrassment, shame, or fear of stigma. Providing a supportive, professional, and confidential environment encourages open communication, promotes adherence to treatment, and facilitates preventive education.
C. Not all STIs are transmitted exclusively through sexual intercourse. Some infections, like HPV, can also be transmitted through skin-to-skin genital contact, and others can be transmitted perinatally or through blood exposure. Overgeneralizing STI transmission is misleading.
D. Reassuring the client that complications will not occur if the infection is treated is inaccurate. HPV can lead to long-term complications such as cervical dysplasia, genital warts, or increased cancer risk even after treatment. Providing accurate education about potential risks and follow-up is essential.
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