Peripheral resistance
is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals
increases as blood viscosity increases
increases as blood vessel diameter increases
decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel
The Correct Answer is B
A. Is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals: Peripheral resistance is a critical determinant of blood pressure, even in healthy individuals. Resistance in the arterioles directly affects how hard the heart must pump to maintain adequate perfusion.
B. Increases as blood viscosity increases: Higher blood viscosity, such as from elevated hematocrit, increases the internal friction within blood vessels. This greater resistance makes it more difficult for blood to flow, thereby raising peripheral resistance and contributing to higher blood pressure.
C. Increases as blood vessel diameter increases: Peripheral resistance actually decreases as vessel diameter increases because wider vessels allow blood to flow more easily. Vasoconstriction, not dilation, is what increases resistance.
D. Decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel: Resistance increases with the length of a blood vessel since a longer vessel provides more frictional surface for blood flow. Therefore, this statement is incorrect; longer vessels contribute to higher, not lower, peripheral resistance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Lymph nodes:Lymph nodes contain both B and T lymphocytes. B cells are primarily found in the outer cortex, where they can respond to antigens and undergo clonal expansion.
B. Spleen:The spleen houses B cells in the white pulp, where they encounter antigens from the blood and can differentiate into plasma cells to produce antibodies.
C. Tonsil:Tonsils contain B cells within lymphoid follicles. They contribute to immune responses against pathogens entering through the oral and nasal cavities.
D. All of the above contain B cells:This is incorrect because not all the listed organs contain B cells. Most secondary lymphoid organs do, but the thymus is an exception.
E. Thymus:The thymus primarily supports the maturation of T lymphocytes. It does not contain B cells in significant numbers and is considered a primary lymphoid organ for T cell development.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Both B and E:Chemoreceptors monitor chemical changes in the blood, such as CO₂ levels and pH (H⁺ concentration), and baroreceptors monitor blood pressure changes. Some chemoreceptors work alongside baroreceptors to regulate respiration and cardiovascular function, making both B and E correct in the context of chemical detection.
B. The amount of CO₂ and H⁺ in the blood:Chemoreceptors detect changes in CO₂ and hydrogen ion concentration, which reflect the blood’s acidity. These receptors help adjust respiration rate to maintain homeostasis of blood pH and gas levels.
C. Heart rate:Heart rate is regulated primarily by the autonomic nervous system via the sinoatrial node and baroreceptor reflexes, not directly by chemoreceptors.
D. The blood pressure change:Blood pressure changes are detected by baroreceptors, not chemoreceptors. Chemoreceptors respond mainly to chemical composition rather than mechanical pressure.
E. A pH change:Chemoreceptors are sensitive to pH changes in the blood, which are influenced by CO₂ and H⁺ levels. This detection triggers adjustments in ventilation to maintain acid-base balance.
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