Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by
lymph nodes
T lymphocytes
medullary cords
B lymphocytes
plasma cells
The Correct Answer is E
A. Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes provide sites where B lymphocytes can encounter antigens and become activated, but they do not directly release antibodies. They function mainly as filtering and immune activation centers.
B. T lymphocytes: T cells mediate cellular immunity by directly attacking infected or abnormal cells or helping activate other immune cells. They do not produce antibodies themselves.
C. Medullary cords: Medullary cords are structures within lymph nodes that contain plasma cells and macrophages. While they house antibody-producing cells, they do not themselves secrete antibodies.
D. B lymphocytes: B cells differentiate into plasma cells upon activation. While they can produce some antibodies initially, the bulk antibody secretion is carried out by the plasma cells they generate.
E. Plasma cells: Plasma cells are fully differentiated B lymphocytes specialized for antibody production. They secrete large quantities of antibodies specific to a particular antigen, making them the primary source of circulating antibodies in adaptive immunity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Blood vessel diameter:Vessel diameter has the greatest influence on blood flow resistance because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius. Small changes in diameter, especially in arterioles, can dramatically increase or decrease resistance, making it the most significant factor.
B. Blood vessel type:While different types of vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins) have structural differences, the type itself does not directly determine resistance as much as the diameter within those vessels.
C. Blood viscosity:Blood viscosity affects resistance, with thicker blood increasing friction. However, normal physiological variations in viscosity are relatively minor compared with the impact of changes in vessel diameter.
D. Total blood vessel length:Longer vessels contribute to higher resistance, but vessel length is generally constant in adults. Therefore, its effect on resistance is less significant than diameter, which can change dynamically through vasoconstriction or vasodilation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The cephalic vein:The cephalic vein is a major superficial vein of the upper limb, running along the lateral aspect of the arm and forearm. It drains into the axillary vein and is commonly used for venipuncture.
B. The median cubital vein:The median cubital vein is a superficial vein located in the cubital fossa of the elbow. It connects the cephalic and basilic veins and is frequently used for blood draws.
C. The basilic vein:The basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the medial arm and forearm. It eventually drains into the axillary vein and is part of the upper limb venous system.
D. The great saphenous vein:The great saphenous vein is a superficial vein of the lower limb, running along the medial aspect of the leg and thigh. It is not part of the upper limb venous system.
E. Median antebrachial vein:The median antebrachial vein runs along the anterior forearm and drains into either the basilic or cephalic veins. It is a vein of the upper limb.
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