Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of

A. Glomerular capillaries are involved in the filtration of blood to form the glomerular filtrate, not in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids.

B. Proximal convoluted tubule is where the majority of glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream.

C. Renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule and is involved in the filtration process, not in reabsorption.

D. Distal convoluted tubule is involved in the fine-tuning of electrolyte and acid-base balance, not in the primary reabsorption of glucose and amino acids.

A. Esophageal glands secrete mucus to lubricate the esophagus, but they do not cause acid reflux.

B. Pharyngeal constrictors are muscles that help in the swallowing process, not in preventing acid reflux.

C. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a ring of muscle that controls the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach. If the LES is weakened or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing acid reflux or "heartburn."

D. The upper esophageal sphincter controls the passage of food from the pharynx into the esophagus, but it is not involved in preventing acid reflux.