Which of the following glands are responsible for producing 70% of semen volume?

A. not develop secondary sex characteristics: Secondary sex characteristics, such as muscle growth and hair distribution, are driven by testosterone produced by interstitial cells. Since LH levels are normal, these cells will still be stimulated to produce adequate testosterone. The boy would likely appear physically mature in terms of external male characteristics.

B. have impaired function of interstitial cells: Interstitial endocrine cells are specifically regulated by luteinizing hormone, which the question states is functioning normally. These cells will continue to synthesize testosterone regardless of the FSH deficiency. Their endocrine function remains intact because their primary tropic hormone is still present in the circulation.

C. be impotent (unable to have an erection): Erection is a neurovascular reflex mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system and is not directly dependent on FSH. While low testosterone can decrease libido, LH is present to maintain testosterone levels. Therefore, the physiological mechanism for erection should remain functional in this mature male.

D. be unable to produce viable sperm: Follicle-stimulating hormone is strictly required to stimulate the sustentacular cells to facilitate the final stages of sperm maturation. Without FSH, the process of spermatogenesis cannot be completed effectively, leading to infertility. The individual would produce few or no functional spermatozoa despite normal hormonal levels.

A. podocytes: These are highly specialized epithelial cells that constitute the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule. They possess long cytoplasmic extensions called pedicels that interdigitate to form filtration slits around the glomerular capillaries. They are essential for maintaining the structural integrity and selectivity of the renal filtration barrier.

B. mesangial cells: These contractile cells are located between the capillary loops of the glomerulus and provide structural support. They also regulate the surface area available for filtration by contracting or relaxing in response to various stimuli. They do not form a continuous inner layer wrapping the capillaries like the podocytes.

C. monocytes: These are a type of agranular leukocyte found in the circulating blood that can differentiate into macrophages. They are part of the immune system and are not a structural component of the renal corpuscle or the glomerular capsule. Their presence within the filtration membrane would be considered pathological.

D. nephrocytes: This is a general term sometimes used to describe various cells of the kidney, but it is not the specific anatomical name for the visceral epithelial cells. In human renal anatomy, the term podocyte is the specific medical jargon used to identify the cells forming the filtration slits.

E. macula densa cells: These are specialized chemoreceptor cells found in the wall of the distal convoluted tubule where it contacts the afferent arteriole. They monitor sodium chloride concentration in the filtrate as part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are located outside the renal corpuscle's internal filtration surface.