Psychophysiological insomnia is associated with:
Hot flashes
Stress and anxiety
Pain
Headache
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Hot flashes can disrupt sleep, especially in menopausal women, but they are not the defining feature of psychophysiological insomnia.
Choice B reason: Stress and anxiety are the primary causes of psychophysiological insomnia. This type of insomnia develops when worry and tension interfere with the ability to relax and initiate sleep. Clients often become preoccupied with their inability to sleep, which perpetuates the cycle.
Choice C reason: Pain can cause secondary insomnia, but it is classified as insomnia due to a medical condition rather than psychophysiological insomnia.
Choice D reason: Headaches may disturb sleep but are not the central mechanism of psychophysiological insomnia. The disorder is more directly linked to stress and anxiety.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: The therapeutic range for lithium is 0.6–1.2 mEq/L. A level of 2.0 mEq/L indicates toxicity, not therapeutic safety.
Choice B reason: Fever, muscle rigidity, and disorientation are more consistent with neuroleptic malignant syndrome, not lithium toxicity.
Choice C reason: Lithium toxicity commonly presents with gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, diarrhea) and neurological changes (confusion, tremors). At 2.0 mEq/L, these are expected findings.
Choice D reason: Constipation and postural hypotension are not typical signs of lithium toxicity. They may occur with other medications but are not the primary effects of elevated lithium levels.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Changing medications immediately is not necessary for mild side effects. Adjustments in timing are usually tried first.
Choice B reason: Skipping doses is unsafe and can reduce therapeutic effectiveness, leading to withdrawal symptoms or relapse of depression.
Choice C reason: Taking citalopram at night is appropriate because it minimizes daytime drowsiness while maintaining therapeutic levels. This is a safe and effective adjustment.
Choice D reason: While side effects may subside, simply telling the client to wait without offering a practical solution does not address the immediate concern.
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