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Read Chart Tab with patient history and select all that apply.

Based on the client's history and preferences, which contraceptive methods would be most appropriate for the nurse to recommend? (Select All that Apply).

Progestin-only pills (mini-pill)

Combined oral contraceptive pilis (COCs)

Copper intrauterine device (Paragard)

Nexplanon (subdermal implant)

Male condoms

Depo-Provera (DMPA) injection every 3 months

Fertility awareness methods

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E,F

A. Progestin-only pills (mini-pill): Although safer than combined oral contraceptives for smokers, this option requires strict daily adherence at the same time each day. Because the client frequently forgets to take daily medications, this method is not ideal for her lifestyle.

B. Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs): COCs are contraindicated in women under 35 who smoke due to an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Additionally, her difficulty with medication adherence makes this method unreliable and potentially unsafe.

C. Copper intrauterine device (Paragard): The copper IUD is hormone-free, highly effective, and long-acting for up to 10 years. It requires minimal maintenance once inserted, making it an excellent choice for a young woman seeking long-term contraception without daily responsibility.

D. Nexplanon (subdermal implant): This implant provides up to 3 years of highly effective contraception and requires no daily action. It is safe for smokers and ideal for clients preferring a low-maintenance option.

E. Male condoms: Condoms are accessible, protect against sexually transmitted infections, and can be used in combination with another method for dual protection. They are an appropriate recommendation for any sexually active individual.

F. Depo-Provera (DMPA) injection every 3 months: The Depo-Provera injection offers long-acting contraception with infrequent dosing. It is a suitable choice for someone who forgets daily pills and is safe for smokers, though it requires quarterly clinic visits.

G. Fertility awareness methods: These methods require consistent tracking of ovulation signs and daily attention. Given the client’s history of irregular menses and difficulty with daily adherence, this method would be unreliable and inappropriate.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Fourth-degree lacerations extend through the rectal mucosa, making infection and wound dehiscence major concerns. Stool softeners prevent straining, while perineal hygiene and peri-bottle use reduce bacterial contamination. Monitoring for urinary retention ensures early detection of pelvic floor dysfunction or trauma-related swelling.

B. While ambulation aids circulation, restricting fluids can cause dehydration and constipation. Avoiding Kegel exercises delays pelvic floor strengthening, which supports healing. Cold compresses are beneficial initially but should not replace hygiene and bowel care.

C. Limiting pain control can impair mobility and self-care. Dietary fiber restriction worsens constipation and straining, which increase pain and risk of wound disruption. Sitz baths are beneficial but not sufficient alone for complete care.

D. Strong laxatives can cause diarrhea and trauma to sutures, while inadequate cleansing heightens infection risk. Early follow-up is crucial for wound assessment, making delayed appointments unsafe.

A. The surfactant layer increases alveolar surface tension to stabilize the alveoli during both inhalation and exhalation, preventing overexpansion of the lungs and ensuring steady oxygen diffusion. B. Surfactant is secreted continuously from the fetal trachea throughout gestation to lubricate airways and enhance mucus clearance, facilitating respiratory function immediately after birth. C. Surfactant production peaks at 20 weeks gestation and remains stable throughout pregnancy: therefore, preterm infants born after this point typically do not experience respiratory complications related to lung immaturity. D. Pulmonary surfactant production begins between 24 to 28 weeks gestation, primarily from type II alveolar cells: its primary role is to lower alveolar surface tension, preventing atelectasis and promoting lung compliance, which is critical for effective gas exchange after birth.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. surfactant actually reduces alveolar surface tension, allowing alveoli to expand more easily during inhalation and preventing collapse during exhalation, rather than increasing tension.

B. Surfactant is not primarily for airway lubrication or mucus clearance. Its main role is to lower alveolar surface tension to prevent collapse and facilitate lung compliance.

C. Surfactant production does not peak at 20 weeks. It begins around 24 weeks, with significant amounts produced after 32–34 weeks, which is why preterm infants are at high risk for respiratory distress syndrome.

D. This statement accurately describes the timing of surfactant production, the source (type II alveolar cells), its physiological function, and its clinical significance in preventing respiratory distress in neonates.

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Read Chart Tab with patient history and select all that apply. Based on the client's history and preferences, which contraceptive methods would be most appropriate for the nurse to recommend? (Select All that Apply).

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Read Chart Tab with patient history and select all that apply.

Based on the client's history and preferences, which contraceptive methods would be most appropriate for the nurse to recommend? (Select All that Apply).