Select the correct statement about isotopes.
All the isotopes of the same element react differently.
Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements.
All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons but differing numbers of electrons.
Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic mass (weight) number.
The Correct Answer is D
A. All the isotopes of the same element react differently: Isotopes generally exhibit the same chemical behavior because they have the same number of protons and electrons, which determine chemical reactivity.
B. Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements: Isotopes are found in both light and heavy elements; they are variations of an element with differing numbers of neutrons, not limited to heavy elements.
C. All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons but differing numbers of electrons: Isotopes have the same number of protons (and electrons if neutral) but differ in neutron number.
D. Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic mass (weight) number: Isotopes share the same number of protons (atomic number) but have different numbers of neutrons, which changes their mass number.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Shrink: Shrinking of a red blood cell occurs when it is placed in a hypertonic solution, where water moves out of the cell. Distilled water is hypotonic, so shrinking will not occur.
B. Swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached: In a hypotonic environment, water enters the cell continuously due to osmotic pressure. Red blood cells do not have mechanisms to expel water quickly, so they do not shrink after initial swelling.
C. Swell and may burst: Distilled water is hypotonic compared to the cytoplasm of red blood cells. Water moves into the cells by osmosis, increasing internal pressure, which can cause the cells to swell and eventually lyse (burst) if the influx is excessive.
D. Neither shrink nor swell: This would occur only in an isotonic solution, where solute concentrations inside and outside the cell are equal. Since distilled water is hypotonic, the red blood cell will experience swelling rather than remain the same size.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. 2.8.1: This configuration represents sodium, which has one electron in its outermost shell. Atoms with only one valence electron are highly reactive because they tend to lose that electron easily to achieve a stable octet, making this an unstable atom.
B. 2: This configuration corresponds to helium, with two electrons filling its first shell completely. A filled shell makes the atom stable and chemically inert, so it is not reactive.
C. 2.8.8: This configuration corresponds to argon, which has a completely filled outer shell of eight electrons. A full valence shell makes the atom chemically stable and non-reactive under normal conditions.
D. 2.8: This configuration corresponds to neon, which has a full octet in the second shell. With a complete outer shell, neon is very stable and does not readily participate in chemical reactions.
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