Which of the following does NOT characterize proteins?
They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.
Their function depends on their three-dimensional shape.
They may be denatured by heat or acidity.
They have both functional and structural roles in the body.
The Correct Answer is A
A. They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information: Proteins are not the carriers of hereditary information; that role belongs to nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Proteins are synthesized based on genetic instructions, but they do not store genetic code themselves.
B. Their function depends on their three-dimensional shape: The specific three-dimensional conformation of a protein determines its functional properties, such as enzyme activity or receptor binding, making shape critical for proper function.
C. They may be denatured by heat or acidity: Proteins can lose their structure and function when exposed to extreme heat or changes in pH. Denaturation disrupts hydrogen and ionic bonds, altering the protein’s shape and activity.
D. They have both functional and structural roles in the body: Proteins serve multiple roles, including structural functions in connective tissues and functional roles such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, supporting diverse physiological processes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. On the forehead: Placing a thermometer on the forehead measures temporal artery temperature, not axillary temperature. This method is non-invasive but does not reflect axillary placement.
B. In the armpit: The axillary method involves placing the thermometer in the child’s armpit. It is a safe, non-invasive technique suitable for infants and small children, though it may read slightly lower than oral or rectal temperatures.
C. Under the tongue: Oral temperature measurement is done by placing the thermometer under the tongue. This is different from axillary measurement and may not be suitable for very young children.
D. In the rectum: Rectal temperature measurement is more invasive and provides a reading closer to core body temperature, but it is not used when taking an axillary temperature.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Each enzyme is chemically specific: Enzymes act only on particular substrates due to the unique shape of their active sites. This chemical specificity ensures that metabolic reactions occur in a controlled and precise manner.
B. Some enzymes make up part of the plasma membrane: Enzymes can be embedded in the plasma membrane, where they catalyze reactions such as breaking down extracellular substances or facilitating signal transduction.
C. Some enzymes are protein plus a cofactor: Many enzymes require non-protein helpers, such as metal ions or vitamins, to function effectively. In such cases, the enzyme is described as a holoenzyme, consisting of the protein part (apoenzyme) plus a cofactor.
D. Enzymes work by raising the activation energy: Enzymes actually lower the activation energy needed for reactions, making biochemical processes proceed more efficiently.
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