Select the correct statement about lymph transport.
Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins.
Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits.
Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.
Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins: Lymph moves much more slowly than blood in veins. Its movement relies on low-pressure mechanisms rather than a central pump like the heart, so this statement is incorrect.
B. Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits: Lymphatic vessels operate under low pressure. They have thin walls and rely on external forces, valves, and vessel contractions to move lymph, not high internal pressure.
C. Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles: Lymph flow is aided by skeletal muscle contractions, respiratory movements, and rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle in the vessel walls. These mechanisms compress lymphatic vessels, helping push lymph toward the thoracic duct and ultimately the bloodstream.
D. Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling: Lymph circulation is continuous under normal conditions to maintain fluid balance and immune surveillance. Swelling during illness increases demand, but transport is always required.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Booster shot of vaccine:A booster shot stimulates the body’s own adaptive immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells. This is an example of active immunity, not passive immunity, because the immune response is generated by the individual.
B. Exposure to an antigen:Natural exposure to an antigen triggers the body to mount an immune response and develop memory cells. This is a form of active immunity, as the individual’s immune system actively responds to the pathogen.
C. Infusion of weakened viruses:Infusion of weakened viruses (live attenuated vaccines) stimulates active immunity by inducing the body to produce its own antibodies and memory cells. It does not confer immediate passive protection.
D. Passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus:Passive immunity occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another. Maternal IgG crosses the placenta to provide the fetus with temporary protection against pathogens without requiring the fetus to generate its own immune response.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increased urine output:Diuretics promote renal excretion of sodium and water, leading to a noticeable rise in urine volume. This effect helps lower circulating fluid levels and reduces preload on the heart. Increased urine output is therefore an expected and intended response to these medications.
B. Lower plasma volume:By enhancing fluid loss through the kidneys, diuretics decrease overall plasma volume. Reduced intravascular volume helps lessen the workload on the cardiovascular system and supports blood pressure control. This decrease is a predictable physiological effect of diuretic therapy.
C. Decreased blood pressure:Lower plasma volume reduces venous return and cardiac output, leading to a reduction in arterial pressure. Many diuretics are prescribed specifically to manage hypertension by decreasing this circulating volume. A drop in blood pressure is therefore consistent with the drug’s mechanism of action.
D. Greater stress on the heart to provide adequate perfusion:Diuretics typically ease cardiac workload by lowering circulating volume and reducing vascular resistance. With less volume to pump and decreased pressure demands, the heart generally experiences improved efficiency.
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