Lymph traveling from the left arm would enter the venous circulation via the
cisterna chili
thoracic duct
axillary nodes
right lymphatic duct
The Correct Answer is B
A. Cisterna chyli: The cisterna chyli is a sac-like structure in the abdomen that collects lymph from the lower limbs and digestive organs. It does not receive lymph from the upper limbs, so it is not involved in draining the left arm.
B. Thoracic duct: The thoracic duct is the main lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, and entire left upper and lower limbs. Lymph from the left arm enters the venous circulation via the thoracic duct at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins.
C. Axillary nodes: Axillary lymph nodes filter lymph from the upper limbs and shoulder region. While lymph passes through these nodes, they are not the final structure that drains lymph into the venous circulation.
D. Right lymphatic duct: The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right side of the head, neck, thorax, and right upper limb. It does not receive lymph from the left arm, making it irrelevant in this pathway.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Swelling:Swelling, or edema, is a classic cardinal sign of inflammation. It occurs due to increased vascular permeability, which allows fluid, proteins, and immune cells to accumulate in the affected tissue, contributing to the inflammatory response.
B. All are signs of inflammation:All the listed options-swelling, heat, pain, and redness-are classic cardinal signs of inflammation. Therefore, it is not correct to say that any one of them is absent; collectively, they define the inflammatory process.
C. Heat:Heat at the site of inflammation results from increased blood flow (hyperemia) due to vasodilation. It is one of the four primary cardinal signs and reflects the body’s attempt to deliver immune cells and proteins to the affected area.
D. Pain:Pain arises from the release of chemical mediators like prostaglandins and bradykinin that stimulate nerve endings. It signals tissue injury and serves as an alert to prevent further damage.
E. Redness:Redness, or erythema, is caused by increased blood flow to the affected area as part of the vasodilation response. It is a hallmark feature of inflammation and helps identify the affected site visually.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Inflammation increases capillary permeability:During inflammation, capillaries become more permeable to allow plasma proteins, leukocytes, and nutrients to enter the tissue. This is a key process that facilitates the immune response and tissue repair.
B. Release of prostaglandins results in pain:Prostaglandins are chemical mediators released during inflammation that sensitize nerve endings, causing pain. This serves as a warning signal and helps protect the injured area.
C. Chemotaxis draws leukocytes to the site of injury:Chemotaxis involves the directed migration of leukocytes toward the site of infection or injury. This ensures that immune cells reach affected tissues to fight pathogens and clear debris.
D. Vasoconstriction prevents excessive blood loss due to injury:Inflammation is characterized by vasodilation, not vasoconstriction. Vasodilation increases blood flow to the injured area, bringing immune cells and nutrients to support the healing process. Vasoconstriction is not part of the inflammatory response.
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