Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type IV
Type III
Type II
Type I
The Correct Answer is B
A. Type IV Hypersensitivity (Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction): This type of reaction involves a delayed immune response, typically occurring 24 to 72 hours after exposure to an antigen. It's characterized by the activation of T cells and macrophages, leading to inflammation. This type of hypersensitivity is often associated with conditions like contact dermatitis and some autoimmune diseases.
B. Type III Hypersensitivity (Antibody-Mediated Reaction): Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when immune complexes, which are composed of antigens and antibodies, deposit in various tissues. This leads to inflammation and tissue damage. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an example of a disease associated with Type III hypersensitivity.
C. Type II Hypersensitivity: This type of reaction involves antibodies (IgG or IgM) targeting antigens on the surface of cells. This can lead to cell destruction through various mechanisms, such as complement activation or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Examples include hemolytic transfusion reactions and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
D. Type I Hypersensitivity (Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction): Type I hypersensitivity is characterized by an immediate immune response, typically occurring within minutes of exposure to an allergen. It involves the release of histamines and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, leading to symptoms like hives, respiratory distress, and anaphylaxis. Allergies, like hay fever and food allergies, are examples of Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Macrophage: This is the correct answer. An activated monocyte is also known as a macrophage. Monocytes are white blood cells that can mature into macrophages when they move into tissues. Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune system by phagocytosing (engulfing and digesting) pathogens and cellular debris.
B. Lymphocyte: Lymphocytes are another type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the immune system. They include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Lymphocytes are primarily involved in adaptive immune responses, such as antibody production (B cells) and cell-mediated immune responses (T cells).
C. Plasma Cell: Plasma cells are a type of B cell that produces antibodies (immunoglobulins). They are involved in the adaptive immune response, specifically in the production of antibodies that target specific pathogens.
D. Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte: This term typically refers to a group of white blood cells that have a multi-lobed nucleus. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are examples of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. They are involved in innate immune responses, including the phagocytosis of pathogens.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Viral Latency: Some viruses, like herpesviruses, can enter a latent phase where they hide in host cells, making it challenging for the immune system to detect and target them.
B. Host Defense Failure: This term encompasses situations where the host's defense mechanisms, including physical barriers and immune responses, are not effective in preventing or controlling infection. For example, pathogens may develop mechanisms to evade detection by the immune system.
C. Immunosuppression: Pathogens can actively suppress the host's immune response. They may produce molecules or proteins that inhibit the immune system's ability to mount an effective defense.
D. Immunodeficiency: Individuals with immunodeficiency disorders have weakened immune systems, which can be congenital (genetic) or acquired. This weakness makes them more susceptible to infections.
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