The
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"D","dropdown-group-2":"D"}
A. adrenal medulla; epinephrine: The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (and norepinephrine) for fight-or-flight effects (heart rate, glycogenolysis); it is not the main hormone that promotes Na⁺ and water retention.
B. pancreas; cortisol: The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, not cortisol; cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex and has limited mineralocorticoid activity but is not the principal Na⁺/water-retaining hormone.
C. kidneys: corticosterone: The kidneys do not secrete corticosterone; corticosterone is an adrenal steroid (minor mineralocorticoid in some species).
D. adrenal cortex, aldosterone: Aldosterone (zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex) increases Na⁺ reabsorption and water retention and promotes K⁺ excretion in the kidney.
E. thyroid: calcitonin: Calcitonin from the thyroid lowers blood Ca²⁺ and has no role in Na⁺/water retention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Correct answer: C
A. Decreased osteoclast activity: osteoclasts resorb bone and are involved in calcium homeostasis, not the primary sensor/effector for correcting hypoxemia.
B. Increased osteoblast activity: osteoblasts build bone (also related to calcium metabolism), not the mechanism that increases RBC production in response to low O₂.
C. Secretion of erythropoietin: hypoxemia stimulates renal production (secretion) of erythropoietin (EPO), which promotes erythropoiesis in red marrow to raise RBC mass and correct low O₂.
D. Secretion of gastroferritin: gastroferritin (a gastric iron-binding molecule) helps iron handling in the gut but is not the feedback signal used to correct hypoxemia.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C"}
Explanation
A. Basophils: Basophils are involved in allergic and inflammatory responses (release histamine/heparin) and typically do not increase markedly in typical bacterial infections.
B. Monocytes: Monocytes can increase in chronic or certain infections and differentiate into macrophages, but they are not the first-line increase seen in acute bacterial infections.
C. Neutrophils: Neutrophils are the primary responders to acute bacterial infections and typically increase (neutrophilia) during bacterial invasion.
D. Eosinophils: Eosinophils increase mainly with parasitic infections and allergic reactions, not typically with bacterial infections.
E. Erythrocytes: Erythrocyte (RBC) counts do not typically increase in response to acute bacterial infection; if anything, severe/chronic disease may lower RBC counts.
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