The liver is the body's largest gland.

A. Metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration: Metabolic water refers to the water produced during metabolic processes within the body. However, most body water intake comes from drinking fluids, not metabolic water.

B. Drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air: While drinking is indeed the main source of water intake, the greatest loss of water from the body is through urine, not cutaneous transpiration and expired air.

C. Drinking; radiation: While drinking is the primary source of water intake, radiation is not a significant way the body loses water.

D. Drinking; urine: Drinking fluids is the main source of water intake, and urine excretion is the primary way the body loses water.

A. Ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus: The ductus venosus bypasses the liver, not the lungs. The ductus arteriosus does allow blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. However, this option is not entirely correct since the ductus venosus is not involved in bypassing the lungs.

B. Foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus: The foramen ovale allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs. The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, also bypassing the lungs.

C. Fossa ovalis and umbilical arteries and vein: The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the foramen ovale in adults and does not function in fetal circulation. The umbilical arteries and vein are involved in exchanging oxygenated and deoxygenated blood between the fetus and placenta, not bypassing the lungs.

D. Ligamentum venosum and ligamentum arteriosum: These are the adult remnants of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus, respectively. They do not play a role in fetal circulation.