Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?

A. 32; 36. Aerobic respiration, including glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, can produce up to 36 ATP per glucose. Anaerobic fermentation, however, only produces 2 ATP per glucose, not 36.

B. 32; 2. Aerobic respiration, including glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, typically produces up to 36 ATP per glucose, though 32 is a commonly cited figure depending on the specifics of the process. Anaerobic fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose. The discrepancy in ATP production is due to differences in efficiency and accounting for the energy yield in different conditions.

C. 2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another. Anaerobic fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose, but aerobic respiration (including glycolysis and subsequent steps) produces up to 36 ATP. The "about the same" part is not accurate for aerobic versus anaerobic processes.

D. 32; none. Anaerobic fermentation does produce ATP, specifically 2 ATP per glucose. Aerobic respiration produces up to 36 ATP per glucose.

E. 36; about the same, varying from one tissue to another. Aerobic respiration can produce up to 36 ATP per glucose, and anaerobic fermentation produces only 2 ATP per glucose. The ATP production difference is significant and not “about the same.”

A. It increases both Na+ and K+ secretion: Aldosterone increases sodium (Na+) reabsorption and potassium (K+) secretion, but it does not increase the secretion of both ions.

B. It causes the urine to be more diluted. Aldosterone causes the urine to be more concentrated by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.

C. It reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Aldosterone actually increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, not reduces them.

D. It increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys and increases potassium secretion, leading to more concentrated urine.