The nurse is assessing a 13-year-old boy with type 2 diabetes mellitus. What would the nurse correlate with disorder?
The parents report that their child had 'a cold or flu" recently.
Blood pressure is decreased when checking vital signs.
The parents report that their son "can't drink enough water."
Auscultation reveals Kussmaul breathing.
The Correct Answer is C
A. The parents report that their child had “a cold or flu” recently: Recent viral illness is more commonly associated with the onset of type 1 diabetes due to autoimmune pancreatic beta-cell destruction. Type 2 diabetes develops gradually and is related to insulin resistance rather than an acute immune trigger.
B. Blood pressure is decreased when checking vital signs: Hypotension is not an early or expected finding in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Blood pressure is often normal or elevated due to insulin resistance and associated metabolic changes. Decreased blood pressure may suggest dehydration or another acute condition rather than chronic hyperglycemia.
C. The parents report that their son “can’t drink enough water.”: Excessive thirst, or polydipsia, is a classic manifestation of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Elevated blood glucose causes osmotic diuresis, leading to increased urine output and compensatory thirst. This symptom is commonly reported in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
D. Auscultation reveals Kussmaul breathing: Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid breaths associated with metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis. DKA is more frequently seen in type 1 diabetes than type 2, especially in children. This respiratory pattern indicates a severe acute metabolic disturbance rather than typical type 2 presentation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hemoglobin A1c: Hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose over the past 2–3 months and is useful for diagnosing preexisting diabetes, but it is not the standard screening test for gestational diabetes.
B. Urine glucose: Urine glucose testing is unreliable for diagnosing gestational diabetes because glucose may not appear in the urine until blood glucose levels are significantly elevated.
C. Glucose Tolerance Test: The glucose tolerance test, typically a 1-hour screening followed by a 3-hour diagnostic test if indicated, is the standard method for detecting gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
D. Random blood glucose level: Random glucose measurements provide a snapshot of glucose at a single moment and do not reliably screen for gestational diabetes, as blood sugar fluctuates throughout the day.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Prevent reinfection during treatment: Antibiotics do not prevent reinfection; reinfection can occur if sexual partners are not treated or if protective measures are not used. Counseling about partner treatment and safe sex is necessary.
B. Treat any coexisting chlamydial infection: Gonorrhea and chlamydia often occur concurrently. Ceftriaxone targets Neisseria gonorrhoeae, while doxycycline is effective against Chlamydia trachomatis, addressing potential coinfection to ensure comprehensive treatment.
C. Eradicate resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae: While ceftriaxone is effective against most gonococcal strains, doxycycline is not used to treat gonorrhea. This combination does not target resistant gonococcal strains.
D. Prevent the development of resistant organisms: The purpose of the combination is not primarily resistance prevention but rather to treat coinfection. Resistance prevention involves proper dosing, adherence, and avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use.
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